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  Introduction
  Geography
  People
  Government
  Economy
  Communications
  Transportation
  Military
  Transnational Issues

In general, information available as of 1 January, 2004
was used in the preparation of The World Factbook.


This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005


Map of Portugal

Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order
   Introduction    Portugal
Background:
Definition Field Listing
Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.
   Geography    Portugal
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
39 30 N, 8 00 W
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Europe
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 92,391 sq km
land: 91,951 sq km
water: 440 sq km
note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
slightly smaller than Indiana
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 1,214 km
border countries: Spain 1,214 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
1,793 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 21.75%
permanent crops: 7.81%
other: 70.44% (2001)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
6,320 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
Azores subject to severe earthquakes
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
   People    Portugal
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
10,524,145 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 16.7% (male 916,106; female 840,574)
15-64 years: 66.4% (male 3,454,970; female 3,535,108)
65 years and over: 16.9% (male 735,407; female 1,041,980) (2004 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing
total: 37.9 years
male: 35.8 years
female: 40 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
0.41% (2004 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
10.9 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
10.37 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
3.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 5.13 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: 77.35 years
male: 74.06 years
female: 80.85 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.46 children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0.5% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
27,000 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
less than 1,000 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective: Portuguese
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995)
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used)
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93.3%
male: 95.5%
female: 91.3% (2003 est.)
   Government    Portugal
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Portuguese Republic
conventional short form: Portugal
local long form: Republica Portuguesa
local short form: Portugal
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
parliamentary democracy
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
Lisbon
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (independent republic proclaimed)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
Portugal Day, 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
25 April 1976; revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5 November 1992, 3 September 1997, 12 December 2001, and 24 July 2004
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996)
head of government: Prime Minister Pedro SANTANA LOPES (since 17 July 2004); note - Prime Minister Jose Manuel DURAO BARROSO resigned 5 July 2004 to take over the Presidency of the European Commission; Prime Minister Pedro SANTANA LOPES and his government resigned 11 December 2004, but will stay on in a caretaker capacity until February 2005 elections
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results: Jorge SAMPAIO reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 17 March 2002 (next to be held 20 February 2005); note - President SAMPAIO called for early elections after dissolving Parliament on 10 December 2004 because he lacked confidence in the four-month center-right government
election results: percent of vote by party - PSD 40.1%, PS 37.8%, PP 8.7%, PCP/PEV 6.9%, The Left Bloc 2.7%; seats by party - PSD 105, PS 96, PP 14, PCP/PEV 12, The Left Bloc 3
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Green Ecologist Party or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]; Popular Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo de SOUSA]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto de Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pedro Miguel SANTANA LOPES]; The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
NA
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Pedro Manuel Dos Reis Alves CATARINO
chancery: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610
FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726
consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco
consulate(s): Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Adrienne S. O'NEAL
embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon
mailing address: Apartado 4258, 1507 Lisboa Codex; PSC 83, APO AE 09726
telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300
FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109
consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line
   Economy    Portugal
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past decade, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth has been above the EU average for much of the past decade, but fell back in 2001-03. GDP per capita stands at 70% of that of the leading EU economies. A poor educational system, in particular, has been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment. The coalition government faces tough choices in its attempts to boost Portugal's economic competitiveness and to keep the budget deficit within the 3% EU ceiling.
GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $181.8 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
-1.3% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $18,000 (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 5.8%
industry: 30.7%
services: 63.2% (2003)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
22.3% of GDP (2003)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field Listing
35.6 (1994-95)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
3.3% (2003 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
5.409 million (2003)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture 10%, industry 30%, services 60% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
6.4% (2003 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $64.81 billion
expenditures: $69.09 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Public debt:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
59.8% of GDP (2003)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0.4% (2003 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
44.32 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
41.48 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing
3.479 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
3.743 billion kWh (2001)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
339,800 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
28,830 bbl/day (2001)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
357,300 bbl/day (2001)
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.542 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.553 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Current account balance:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$-7.592 billion (2003)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$31.13 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Spain 22.7%, Germany 15.2%, France 12.9%, UK 10.5%, US 5.8%, Italy 4.8%, Belgium 4.6% (2003)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$43.73 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Spain 29.1%, Germany 14.7%, France 9.9%, Italy 6.4%, UK 4.9%, Netherlands 4.6% (2003)
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$12.81 billion (2003)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$250.7 billion (2003 est.)
Economic aid - donor:
Definition Field Listing
ODA, $271 million (1995)
Currency:
Definition Field Listing
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Currency code:
Definition Field Listing
EUR
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
calendar year
   Communications    Portugal
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4,278,800 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
9,341,400 (2003)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: Portugal's telephone system has achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53%
domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations
international: country code - 351; 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
62 (plus 166 repeaters)
note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.pt
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
346,078 (2004)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
3.6 million (2002)
   Transportation    Portugal
Railways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 2,850 km
broad gauge: 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 274 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
Highways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 68,732 km
paved: 59,110 km (including 1441 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,622 km (2000)
Waterways:
Definition Field Listing
210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2003)
Pipelines:
Definition Field Listing
gas 1,099 km; oil 8 km; refined products 174 km (2004)
Ports and harbors:
Definition Field Listing
Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing
total: 122 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 872,557 GRT/1,236,025 DWT
by type: bulk 12, cargo 49, chemical tanker 19, container 8, liquefied gas 7, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger 6, petroleum tanker 7, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea/passenger 5, vehicle carrier 2
foreign-owned: Australia 1, Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 7, Germany 21, Greece 2, Guadeloupe 1, Iceland 1, Italy 16, Japan 1, Malta 1, Norway 7, Panama 1, Spain 18, Switzerland 7, Ukraine 1, United Kingdom 1
registered in other countries: 24 (2004 est.)
Airports:
Definition Field Listing
66 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 42
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 23
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 22 (2004 est.)
   Military    Portugal
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
Army, Navy (PON; including Marines), Air Force (FAP), Republican Guard (including Fiscal Guard)
Military manpower - military age and obligation:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age for voluntary military service; compulsory military service was ended in September 2004 (September 2004)
Military manpower - availability:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 2,628,892 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 2,107,502 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
Definition Field Listing
males: 72,821 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$3,497.8 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.3% (2003)
   Transnational Issues    Portugal
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
some Portuguese groups assert dormant claims to territories ceded to Spain around the town of Olivenza
Illicit drugs:
Definition Field Listing
gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market (especially from Brazil); transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005


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