Wilfried Winiwarter

Wilfried Winiwarter, originally trained as a chemical engineer and working as an atmospheric scientist, joined IIASA in 2003. His interest in systems analysis derives from the overarching challenges of climate research. Working for the IIASA Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases (AIR) program, he has acquired expertise in the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen, especially on its anthropogenic impacts. That includes describing methods to minimize the release of ammonia or nitrous oxide into the environment, processes that often are connected with agricultural activities.

Prof. Winiwarter started his academic career at Vienna University of Technology, where he obtained a PhD degree and a postdoctoral qualification for academic teaching (''Habilitation''). Partly in parallel with his IIASA affiliation, he was a senior scientist at the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), he held a two-year term as Professor for Systems Sciences at the University of Graz, and since October 2017, he has also been Professor of Environmental Chemistry at the Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Poland. In 2019, he received an International Fellowship of the President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (PIFI) that allows him to spend several weeks both in 2019 and 2020 to work with experts of the Center for Agricultural Resources Research of the CAS in Shijiazhuang, China, on the establishment of ammonia emission limits in the North China Plain.

Having served as a Director of the European Centre of the International Nitrogen Initiative (2013-16), Prof. Winiwarter is the deputy chairman to the Climate and Air Quality Commission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and also chairs the scientific advisory board to the ATB (Institut fur Agrartechnik und Biookonomie) in Potsdam, Germany, an institute of the Leibniz association.


Last update: 18-APR-2019

Kanter DR, Winiwarter W , Bodirsky BL, Bouwman L, Boyer E, Buckle S, Compton JE, Dalgaard T, et al. (2020). A framework for nitrogen futures in the shared socioeconomic pathways. Global Environmental Change 61: e102029. DOI:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.102029.

Thompson R, Lassaletta L, Patra P, Wilson C, Wells K, Gressent A, Koffi E, Chipperfield M, et al. (2019). Acceleration of global N2O emissions seen from two decades of atmospheric inversion. Nature Climate Change 9: 993-998. DOI:10.1038/s41558-019-0613-7.

Zhang N, Bai Z, Winiwarter W , Ledgard S, Luo J, Liu J, Guo Y, & Ma L (2019). Reducing Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Cattle Production via Cost-Effective Manure Management Techniques in China. Environmental Science & Technology 53 (20): 11840-11848. DOI:10.1021/acs.est.9b04284.

Bai Z, Winiwarter W , Klimont Z , Velthof G, Misselbrook T, Zhao Z, Jin X, Oenema O, et al. (2019). Further Improvement of Air Quality in China Needs Clear Ammonia Mitigation Target. Environmental Science & Technology 53 (18) DOI:10.1021/acs.est.9b04725.

Schroeck AM, Gaube V, Haas E, & Winiwarter W (2019). Estimating nitrogen flows of agricultural soils at a landscape level – A modelling study of the Upper Enns Valley, a long-term socio-ecological research region in Austria. Science of the Total Environment 665: 275-289. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.071.

Ermoliev Y, Ermolieva T, Höglund Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , Gorbachuk VM, & Knopov PS (2019). Robust decision support system for the integrated Tisza river basin nutrients management under climatic change and extreme precipitation events. In: Proceedings of the 5th International scientific conference on Computational Intelligence, 15-20 April, 2019. pp. 51-52 Uzgorod, Ukraine: Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

Ermoliev Y, Ermolieva T, Höglund Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , Gorbachuk VM, & Knopov PS (2019). Robust decision support system for the integrated Tisza river basin nutrients management under climatic change and extreme precipitation events. In: Proceedings of the 5th International scientific conference on Computational Intelligence, 15-20 April, 2019. pp. 51-52 Uzgorod, Ukraine: Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

Tian H, Yang J, Xu R, Lu C, Canadell JG, Davidson EA, Jackson RB, Arneth A, et al. (2019). Global soil nitrous oxide emissions since the pre-industrial era estimated by an ensemble of Terrestrial Biosphere Models: Magnitude, attribution and uncertainty. Global Change Biology 25 (2): 640-659. DOI:10.1111/gcb.14514.

Tian H, Yang J, Lu C, Xu R, Canadell JG, Jackson R, Arneth A, Chang J, et al. (2018). The global N2O Model Intercomparison Project (NMIP): Objectives, Simulation Protocol and Expected Products. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99 (6): 1-51. DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0212.1.

Amann M, Anderl M, Borken-Kleefeld J , Cofala J, Heyes C , Höglund Isaksson L , Kiesewetter G, Klimont Z , et al. (2018). Progress towards the achievement of the EU's air quality and emissions objectives. IIASA

Sajeev EPM, Amon B, Ammon C, Zollitsch W, & Winiwarter W (2018). Evaluating the potential of dietary crude protein manipulation in reducing ammonia emissions from cattle and pig manure: A meta-analysis. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 110 (1): 161-175. DOI:10.1007/s10705-017-9893-3.

Mohankumar Sajeev EP, Winiwarter W , & Amon B (2018). Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Different Stages of Liquid Manure Management Chains: Abatement Options and Emission Interactions. Journal of Environmental Quality 47 (1): 30-41. DOI:10.2134/jeq2017.05.0199.

Winiwarter W , Höglund Isaksson L , Klimont Z , Schöpp W, & Amann M (2018). Technical opportunities to reduce global anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide. Environmental Research Letters 13 (1): 014011. DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/aa9ec9.

Zhao ZQ, Bai Z, Winiwarter W , Kiesewetter G, Heyes C, & Ma L (2017). Mitigating ammonia emission from agriculture reduces PM2.5 pollution in the Hai River Basin in China. Science of the Total Environment 609: 1152-1160. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.240.

Kanter DR, Wentz JA, Galloway JN, Moomaw WR, & Winiwarter W (2017). Managing a forgotten greenhouse gas under existing U.S. law: An interdisciplinary analysis. Environmental Science & Policy 67: 44-51. DOI:10.1016/j.envsci.2016.11.003.

Gambhir A, Napp T, Hawkes A, Höglund Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , Purohit P , Wagner F , Bernie D, et al. (2017). The Contribution of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Mitigation to Achieving Long-Term Temperature Goals. Energies 10 (5): e602. DOI:10.3390/en10050602.

Geels C, Ellermann T, Hertel O, Brandt J, Skjøth CA, Winiwarter W , Im U, Hansen KM, et al. (2017). Changing Agricultural NH3 Emissions Since 1979: The Impact on N Deposition and Health Effects Across Europe and the Potential for Further Reductions in the Future. In: Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXV. Eds. Mensink, C. & Kallos, G., pp. 477-482 Cham, Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-57645-910.1007/978-3-319-57645-9_75.

Reis S, Bekunda M, Howard CM, Karanja N, Winiwarter W , Yan X, Bleeker A, & Sutton MA (2016). Synthesis and review: Tackling the nitrogen management challenge: from global to local scales. Environmental Research Letters 11 (12): e120205. DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/120205.

Winkler T & Winiwarter W (2016). Greenhouse gas scenarios for Austria: a comparison of different approaches to emission trends. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 21 (8): 1181-1196. DOI:10.1007/s11027-015-9642-3.

Capros P, De Vita A, Tasios N, Siskos P, Kannavou M, Petropoulos A, Evangelopoulou S, Zampara M, et al. (2016). EU Reference Scenario 2016 - Energy, transport and GHG emissions Trends to 2050. European Commission Directorate - General for Energy, Directorate - General for Climate Action and Directorate - General for Mobility and Transport

Höglund Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , Purohit P , & Gomez-Sanabria A (2016). Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-28 from 2005 to 2050: GAINS model methodology. IIASA Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria

Pierer M, Amon B, & Winiwarter W (2016). Adapting feeding methods for less nitrogen pollution from pig and dairy cattle farming: abatement costs and uncertainties. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 104 (2): 201-220. DOI:10.1007/s10705-016-9767-0.

Winkler T, Schopf K, Aschemann R, & Winiwarter W (2016). From farm to fork - a life cycle assessment of fresh Austrian pork. Journal of Cleaner Production 116: 80-89. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.005.

Crutzen PJ, Mosier AR, Smith KA, & Winiwarter W (2016). N2O Release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels. In: Paul J. Crutzen: A Pioneer on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Change in the Anthropocene. pp. 227-238 Glan, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. ISBN 978-3-319-27460-710.1007/978-3-319-27460-7_12.

Greilinger M, Schöner W, Winiwarter W , & Kasper-Giebl A (2016). Temporal changes of inorganic ion deposition in the seasonal snow cover for the Austrian Alps (1983–2014). Atmospheric Environment 132: 141-152. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.02.040.

Winkler T & Winiwarter W (2015). Scenarios of livestock - related greenhouse gas emissions in Austria. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences 12 (S1): 107-119. DOI:10.1080/1943815X.2015.1110186.

Gambhir A, Napp T, Hawkes A, Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , Purohit P , Wagner F , Bernie D, et al. (2015). The contribution of non-CO2 greenhouse gas mitigation to achieving long-term temperature goals. AVOID 2 WPC2b Report. Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, UK /IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria / Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, USA / Met Office Hadley Centre, UK

Ermoliev Y, Ermolieva T, Jonas M , Obersteiner M , Wagner F , & Winiwarter W (2015). Integrated model for robust emission trading under uncertainties: cost-effectiveness and environmental safety. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 98: 234-244. DOI:10.1016/j.techfore.2015.01.003.

Winiwarter W , Grizzetti B, & Sutton MA (2015). Nitrogen pollution in the EU: Best management strategies, regulations, and science needs. [[EM: Air and Waste Management Association's Magazine for Environmental Managers]]; 65:18-23 [Septeber 2015]

Pierer M, Schrock A, & Winiwarter W (2015). Analyzing consumer-related nitrogen flows: A case study on food and material use in Austria. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 101: 203-211. DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.05.024.

Winiwarter W & Mohankumar SEP (2015). Reducing nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture: review on options and costs. IIASA Report. Laxenburg

Ermolieva T, Ermoliev Y, Jonas M , Obersteiner M , Wagner F , & Winiwarter W (2015). Uncertainty, cost-effectiveness and environmental safety of robust carbon trading: integrated approach. In: Uncertainties in Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Expanding Our Perspectives. Eds. Ometto, J.P., Bun, R., Jonas, M. & Nahorski, Z., pp. 183-196 Cham, Switzerland: Springer International. ISBN 98-3-319-15900-310.1007/978-3-319-15901-0_13.

Amann M, Bertok I, Borken-Kleefeld J , Cofala J, Heyes C , Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Kiesewetter G, Klimont Z , et al. (2015). Adjusted historic emission data, projections, and optimized emission reduction targets for 2030 - a comparison with COM data 2013. Part A:Results for EU-28. TSAP Report #16A, V1.1, DG-Environment of the European Commission, Belgium

Amann M, Bertok I, Borken-Kleefeld J , Cofala J, Heyes C , Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Kiesewetter G, Klimont Z , et al. (2015). Adjusted historic emission data, projections, and optimized emission reduction targets for 2030-a comparison with COM data 2013. Part B: Results for Member States. TSAP Report #16B, V1.1, DG-Environment of the European Commission, Belgium

Winiwarter W (2015). Nitrogen - a crucial element in a complex world. GAIA 24 (3): 196-197. DOI:10.14512/gaia.24.3.12.

Klimont Z & Winiwarter W (2015). Estimating costs and potential for reduction of ammonia emissions from agriculture in the GAINS model. In: Costs of Ammonia Abatement and the Climate Co-Benefits. Eds. Reis, S., Howard, C. & Sutton, M.A., pp. 233-261 Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-94-017-9721-410.1007/978-94-017-9722-1_9.

Pierer M, Winiwarter W , Leach AM, & Galloway JN (2014). The nitrogen footprint of food products and general consumption patterns in Austria. Food Policy 49 (Part 1): 128-136. DOI:10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.07.004.

Galloway JN, Winiwarter W , Leip A, Leach AM, Bleeker A, & Erisman JW (2014). Nitrogen footprints: Past, present and future. Environmental Research Letters 9 (11): no.115003. DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115003.

Winiwarter W , Leip A, Tuomisto HL, & Haastrup P (2014). A European perspective of innovations towards mitigation of nitrogen-related greenhouse gases. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 9-10: 37-45. DOI:10.1016/j.cosust.2014.07.006.

Amann M, Borken-Kleefeld J , Cofala J , Hoeglund-Isaksson L, Kiesewetter G, Klimont Z , Rafaj P, Schoepp W, et al. (2014). Updates to the GAINS model databases after the bilateral consultations with national experts in 2014. [[TSAP Report #14]] V1.0 (Editor: M. Amann), DG-Environment of the European Commission, Belgium (September 2014)

Amann M, Borken-Kleefeld J , Cofala J, Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Klimont Z , Rafaj P, & Winiwarter W (2014). Summary of the bilateral consultations with national experts on the GAINS input data. [[TSAP Report #13]], V2.1, DG-Environment of the European Commission, Belgium (September 2014)

Kromp-Kolb H, Nakicenovic N , Seidl R, Steininger K, & Winiwarter W (2014). Synthese. In: Austrian Assessment Report 2014 (AAR14). Eds. (APCC), Austrian Panel on Climate Change, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. 10.1553/aar14s65.

Kromp-Kolb H, Nakicenovic N , Steinigner K, & Winiwarter W (2014). Zusammenfassung für Entscheidungstragende. In: Austrian Assessment Report 2014 (AAR14). Eds. (APCC), Austrian Panel on Climate Change, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. ISBN 978-3-7001-7723-410.1553/aar14s25.

Kromp-Kolb H, Nakicenovic N , Steininger K, & Winiwarter W (2014). Summary for Policymakers (SPM). In: Austrian Assessment Report 2014 (AAR14). Eds. (APCC), Austrian Panel on Climate Change, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. 10.1553/aar14s45.

Winiwarter W (2014). Volume 1 Chapter 2: Emissions and concentrations of radiatively active atmospheric trace constituents. In: Austrian Assessment Report 2014 (AAR14). Eds. (APCC), Austrian Panel on Climate Change, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. 10.1553/aar14s173.

Ermolieva T, Ermoliev Y, Jonas M , Obersteiner M , Wagner F , & Winiwarter W (2014). Uncertainty, cost-effectiveness and environmental safety of robust carbon trading: Integrated approach. Climatic Change 124 (3): 633-646. DOI:10.1007/s10584-013-0824-2.

Hoertenhuber S, Piringer G, Zollitsch W, Lindenthal T, & Winiwarter W (2014). Land use and land use change in agricultural life cycle assessments and carbon footprints - the case for regionally specific land use change versus other methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 73: 31-39. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.027.

Amon B, Winiwarter W , Anderl M, & Baumgarten A (2014). Farming for a Better Climate (FarmClim). Design of an inter- and transdisciplinary research project aiming to address the "science-policy gap". GAIA 23 (2): 118-124. DOI:10.14512/gaia.23.2.9.

Amann M, Borken-Kleefeld J , Cofala J, Hettelingh J-P, Heyes C , Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Holland M, Kiesewetter G, et al. (2014). The final policy scenarios of the EU Clean Air Policy Package. XO-14-072

Oenema O & Winiwarter W (2014). Nitrogen management, taking into account of the whole nitrogen cycle. In: Options for Ammonia Mitigation: Guidance from the UNECE Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen. Eds. Oenema,, S.Bittman, M. Dedina, C.M. Howard, O. & Sutton, M.A., Edinburgh: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH). ISBN 978-1-906698-46-1

Sutton MA, Skiba UM, van Grinsven HJM, Oenema O, Watson CJ, Williams J, Hellums DT, Maas R, et al. (2014). Green economy thinking and the control of nitrous oxide emissions. Environmental Development 9: 76-85. DOI:10.1016/j.envdev.2013.10.002.

Capros P, De Vita A, Höglund Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , Purohit P , Bottcher H, Frank S , Havlik P, et al. (2013). EU Energy, Transport and GHG Emissions Trends to 2050 - Reference Scenario 2013. Publications Office of the European Union: European Commission. ISBN 978-92-79-33728-4 DOI:10.2833/17897.

Höglund Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , & Purohit P (2013). Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions, mitigation potentials and costs in the EU-28 from 2005 to 2050. IIASA Research Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: GAINS Model Methodology

Winiwarter W , Erisman JW, Galloway JN, Klimont Z , & Sutton MA (2013). Estimating environmentally relevant fixed nitrogen demand in the 21st century. Climatic Change 120 (4): 889-901. DOI:10.1007/s10584-013-0834-0.

Ermolieva T, Ermoliev Y, Jonas M , Obersteiner M , Wagner F , & Winiwarter W (2013). Uncertainty, Cost-effectiveness and Environmental Safety of Robust Carbon Trading: Integrated Approach. IIASA Interim Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: IR-13-003

Amann M, Bertok I, Borken-Kleefeld J , Cofala J, Hetelingh J-P, Heyes C , Holland M, Kiesewetter G, et al. (2013). Policy Scenarios for the revision of the thematic strategy on air pollution. XO-13-057

Amann M, Borken-Kleefeld J , Cofala J, Heyes C , Kiesewetter G, Klimont Z , Rafaj P, Sander R, et al. (2012). TSAP-2012 Baseline: Health and environmental impacts. [[TSAP Report #6]], Version 1.0 (Editor: M. Amann), DG-Environment of the European Commission, Belgium (November 2012)

Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , Purohit P , Rafaj P, Schoepp W, & Klimont Z (2012). EU low carbon roadmap 2050: Potentials and costs for mitigation of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. Energy Strategy Reviews 1 (2): 97-108. DOI:10.1016/j.esr.2012.05.004.

Wagner F , Amann M, Borken-Kleefeld J , Cofala J, Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Purohit P , Rafaj P, Schoepp W, et al. (2012). Sectoral marginal abatement cost curves: Implications for mitigation pledges and air pollution co-benefits for Annex I countries. Sustainability Science 7 (2): 169-184. DOI:10.1007/s11625-012-0167-3.

Amann M, Klimont Z, & Winiwarter W (2012). Emissions from agriculture and their control potentials. [[TSAP Report #3]], Version 1.0, DG-Environment of the European Commission, Belgium (June 2012)

Smith KA, Mosier AR, Crutzen PJ, & Winiwarter W (2012). The role of N2O derived from crop-based biofuels, and from agriculture in general, in Earth's climate. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367 (1593): 1169-1174. DOI:10.1098/rstb.2011.0313.

Fischer G, Winiwarter W , Cao G-Y, Ermolieva T, Hizsnyik E, Klimont Z , Wiberg D, & Zheng XY (2012). Implications of population growth and urbanization on agricultural risks in China. Population and Environment 33 (2): 243-258. DOI:10.1007/s11111-011-0134-4.

Fischer G, Winiwarter W , Ermolieva T, Cao G-Y, van Velthuizen HT, Klimont Z , Schoepp W, van Veen W, et al. (2012). Sustainable agriculture in China: Estimation and reduction of nitrogen impacts. In: Managing Safety of Heterogeneous Systems. Eds. Ermoliev, Y, Makowski, M & Marti, K, Heidelberg: Springer. 10.1007/978-3-642-22884-1_16.

Ermolieva T, Ermoliev Y, Jonas M , Makowski M , Obersteiner M , Wagner F , & Winiwarter W (2012). Cost-effective and environmentally safe GHG emissions trading and abatement under uncertainties. In: Worlds Within Reach: From Science To Policy - IIASA 40th Anniversary Conference, 24-26 October 2012, Hofburg Congress Center, Vienna and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Winiwarter W (2012). Developing multi-purpose global nitrogen projections. In: Worlds Within Reach: From Science To Policy - IIASA 40th Anniversary Conference, 24-26 October 2012, Hofburg Congress Center, Vienna and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Amann M, Bertok I, Borken-Kleefeld J , Cofala J, Heyes C , Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Klimont Z , Nguyen B, et al. (2011). Cost-effective control of air quality and greenhouse gases in Europe: Modeling and policy applications. Environmental Modelling & Software DOI:10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.012.

Leip A, Busto M, & Winiwarter W (2011). Developing spatially stratified N2O emission factors for Europe. Environmental Pollution 159 (11): 3223-3232. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.024.

Wagner F , Winiwarter W , Klimont Z , Amann M, & Sutton MA (2011). Ammonia Reductions and Costs Implied By the Three Ambition Levels Proposed in the Draft Annex IX to the Gothenburg Protocol. [[CIAM 5/2011]], Version 1.2. CIAM, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria (4 November 2011)

Asman WAH, Klimont Z , & Winiwarter W (2011). A Simplified Model of Nitrogen Flows from Manure Management. IIASA Interim Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: IR-11-030

Winiwarter W & Klimont Z (2011). The role of N-gases (N2O, NOx, NH3) in cost-effective strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution in Europe. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 3 (5): 438-445. DOI:10.1016/j.cosust.2011.08.003.

Klimont Z & Winiwarter W (2011). Integrated Ammonia Abatement - Modelling of Emission Control Potentials and Costs in GAINS. IIASA Interim Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: IR-11-027

Winiwarter W , Obersteiner M , Smith KA, & Sutton MA (2011). The European nitrogen cycle: Commentary on Schulze et al., Global Change Biology (2010) 16, pp. 1451-1469. Global Change Biology 17 (8): 2754-2757. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02353.x.

Winiwarter W (2011). Work package 6.4 - Verification of official inventories and improvement of IPCC methodology. Activity Report, NitroEurope IP (June 2011)

Jonas M , Marland G, Winiwarter W , White T, Nahorski Z, Bun R, & Nilsson S (2011). Benefits of dealing with uncertainty in greenhouse gas inventories: Introduction. In: Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Dealing With Uncertainty. Eds. White, T, Jonas, M, Nahorski, Z & Nilsson, S, Dordrecht: Springer. 10.1007/978-94-007-1670-4_2.

Jonas M , Marland G, Winiwarter W , White T, Nahorski Z, Bun R, & Nilsson S (2011). Lessons to be learned from uncertainty treatment: Conclusions regarding greenhouse gas inventories. In: Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Dealing With Uncertainty. Eds. White, T, Jonas, M, Nahorski, Z & Nilsson, S, Dordrecht: Springer. 10.1007/978-94-007-1670-4_20.

Winiwarter W & Muik B (2011). Statistical dependence in input data of national greenhouse gas inventories: Effects on the overall inventory uncertainty. In: Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Dealing With Uncertainty. Eds. White, T, Jonas, M, Nahorski, Z & Nilsson, S, Dordrecht: Springer. 10.1007/978-94-007-1670-4_3.

Butterbach-Bahl K, Winiwarter W , & Sutton MA (2011). Nitrogen as a threat to the European greenhouse balance. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives. Eds. Sutton, MA, Howard, CM & Erisman, JE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Oenema O, Bleeker A, Braathen NA, & Winiwarter W (2011). Nitrogen in current European policies. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives. Eds. Sutton, MA, Howard, CM & Erisman, JE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sutton MA, Oenema O, Erisman JW, Leip A, van Grinsven HJM, & Winiwarter W (2011). Too much of a good thing (Comment). [[Nature]], 472(7342):159-161 (14 April 2011) (Published online 10 April 2011)

Winiwarter W , Hettelingh J-P, & Klimont Z (2011). Future scenarios of nitrogen in Europe. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives. Eds. Sutton, MA, Howard, CM & Erisman, JE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

de Vries W, Leip A, & Winiwarter W (2011). Geographical variation in terrestrial nitrogen budgets across Europe. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives. Eds. Sutton, MA, Howard, CM & Erisman, JE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jonas M , Marland G, Winiwarter W , White T, Nahorski Z, Bun R, & Nilsson S (2010). Benefits of dealing with uncertainty in greenhouse gas inventories: Introduction. Climatic Change 103 (1): 3-18. DOI:10.1007/s10584-010-9922-6.

Purohit P , Amann M, Mathur R, Gupta I, Marwah S, Verma V, Bertok I, Borken-Kleefeld J , et al. (2010). GAINS ASIA: Scenarios for cost-effective control of air pollution and greenhouse gases in India. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria (November 2010)

Winiwarter W & Muik B (2010). Statistical dependence in input data of national greenhouse gas inventories: Effects on the overall inventory uncertainty. Climatic Change 103 (1): 19-36. DOI:10.1007/s10584-010-9921-7.

Li Y, Lin E, & Winiwarter W (2010). Modeling current and future N2O emissions from agriculture in China and the effect of nitrification inhibitors. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences: 301-308. DOI:10.1080/19438151003621458.

Winiwarter W , Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Schoepp W, Tohka A, Wagner F , & Amann M (2010). Emission mitigation potentials and costs for non-CO2 greenhouse gases in Annex-I countries according to the GAINS model. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences: 235-243. DOI:10.1080/19438151003774430.

Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , Wagner F , & Amann M (2010). Potentials and Costs for Mitigation of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the European Union Until 2030: Results. Report to the European Commission, DG Climate Action (26 May 2010)

Smith KA, Crutzen PJ, Mosier A, & Winiwarter W (2010). The global N2O budget: A reassessment. In: Nitrous Oxide and Climate Change. Eds. Smith, K., London: Earthscan. ISBN 9781844077571

Fischer G, Winiwarter W , Ermolieva T, Cao G-Y, Qui H, Klimont Z , Wiberg D, & Wagner F (2010). Integrated modeling framework for assessment and mitigation of nitrogen pollution from agriculture: Concept and case study for China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 136 (1): 116-124. DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2009.12.004.

Blum WEH, Gerzabek MH, Hacklaender K, Rampazzo-Todorovic G, Winiwarter W , Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, & Zehetner F (2010). Ecological consequences of biofuels. In: Soil Quality and Biofuel Production. Eds. Lal, R. & Stewart, B.A., Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 9781439800737

Amann M, Bertok I, Borken-Kleefeld J , Cofala J, Heyes C , Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Klimont Z , Purohit P , et al. (2009). Potentials and Costs for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Annex I Countries: Methodology. IIASA Interim Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: IR-09-043

Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , & Tohka A (2009). Potentials and Costs for Mitigation of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases in Annex 1 Countries: Version 2.0. IIASA Interim Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: IR-09-044

Mosier AR, Crutzen PJ, Smith KA, & Winiwarter W (2009). Nitrous oxide's impact on net greenhouse gas savings from biofuels: life-cycle analysis comparison. International Journal of Biotechnology 11 (1-2): 60-74. DOI:10.1504/IJBT.2009.028100.

Ermolieva T, Winiwarter W , Fischer G, Cao G-Y, Klimont Z , Schoepp W, Li Y, & Asman WAH (2009). Integrated Nitrogen Management in China. IIASA Interim Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: IR-09-005

Winiwarter W , Kuhlbusch TAJ, Viana M, & Hitzenberger R (2009). Quality considerations of European PM emission inventories. Atmospheric Environment 43 (25): 3819-3828. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.023.

Saarnio S, Winiwarter W , & Leitao J (2009). Methane release from wetlands and watercourses in Europe. Atmospheric Environment 43 (7): 1421-1429. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.007.

Winiwarter W , Bauer H, Caseiro A, & Puxbaum H (2009). Quantifying emissions of primary biological aerosol particle mass in Europe. Atmospheric Environment 43 (7): 1403-1409. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.037.

Crutzen PJ, Mosier A, Smith K, & Winiwarter W (2009). Atmospheric N2O releases from biofuel production systems: A major factor against “CO2 Emission Savings”: a global view. In: Twenty Years of Ozone Decline. pp. 67-70 Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-90-481-2468-810.1007/978-90-481-2469-5_6.

Amann M, Bertok I, Borken-Kleefeld J , Chambers A, Cofala J, Dentener F, Heyes C , Hoeglund-Isaksson L , et al. (2008). GAINS Asia. A tool to combat air pollution and climate change simultaneously. Methodology. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria

Amann M, Kejun J, Jiming H, Wang S, Xing Z, Xiang DY, Hong L, Jia X, et al. (2008). GAINS Asia. Scenarios for cost-effective control of air pollution and greenhouse gases in China. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria (2008)

Erisman JW, Sutton MA, Galloway JN, Klimont Z , & Winiwarter W (2008). How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world. Nature Geoscience 1 (10): 636-639. DOI:10.1038/ngeo325.

Viana M, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Querol X, Alastuey A, Harrison RM, Hopke PK, Winiwarter W , Vallius M, et al. (2008). Source apportionment of particulate matter in Europe: A review of methods and results. Journal of Aerosol Science 39 (10): 827-849. DOI:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.05.007.

Crutzen PJ, Mosier AR, Smith KA, & Winiwarter W (2008). N2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8: 389-395. DOI:10.5194/acp-8-389-2008.

Etiope G, Fridriksson T, Italiano F, Winiwarter W , & Theloke J (2007). Natural emissions of methane from geothermal and volcanic sources in Europe. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 165 (1-2): 76-86. DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.04.014.

Amann M, Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , Tohka A, Wagner F , Schoepp W, Bertok I, & Heyes C (2007). Emission Scenarios for non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases in the EU-27. Final Report; submitted to Entec UK Ltd. [2007]

Klimont Z , Winiwarter W , & Asman WAH (2007). The GAINS Model and the Agricultural Nitrogen Cycle: Present Situation and Current Developments. Final Report for WP4; submitted to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), UK [2007]

Lieberman D, Jonas M , Winiwarter W , Nahorski Z, & Nilsson S (2007). Accounting for Climate Change: Introduction. In: Accounting for Climate Change. Uncertainty in Greenhouse Gas Inventories — Verification, Compliance, and Trading. pp. 1-4 Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-5930-810.1007/978-1-4020-5930-8_1.

Lieberman D, Jonas M , Winiwarter W , Nahorski Z, & Nilsson S (2007). Accounting for climate change: Introduction. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus DOI:10.1007/s11267-006-9120-8.

Winiwarter W (2007). National greenhouse gas Inventories: understanding uncertainties versus potential for improving reliability. In: Accounting for Climate Change. pp. 23-30 Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-5930-810.1007/978-1-4020-5930-8_3.

Winiwarter W (2007). National greenhouse gas inventories: Understanding uncertainties versus potential for improving reliability. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus DOI:10.1007/s11267-006-9117-3.

Kajino M, Winiwarter W , & Ueda H (2006). Modeling retained water content in measured aerosol mass. Atmospheric Environment 40 (27): 5202-5213. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.016.

Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Winiwarter W , Klimont Z , & Bertok I (2006). Emission Scenarios for Methane and Nitrous Oxides from the Agricultural Sector in the EU-25. IIASA Interim Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: IR-06-019

Winiwarter W (2005). The GAINS Model for Greenhouse Gases - Version 1.0: Nitrous Oxide (N2O). IIASA Interim Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: IR-05-055

Amann M, Bertok I, Cofala J, Gyarfas F, Heyes C , Klimont Z , Schoepp W, & Winiwarter W (2005). Baseline Scenarios for the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme. Final report for the study on Development of the Baseline and Policy Scenarios and Integrated Assessment Modelling Framework for the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme-Lot 1 [February 2005]

Winiwarter W & Klimont Z (2005). Co-ordinated international activities to abate European PM emissions. In: Aerosols in Biomass Combustion. Eds. Obernberger, I. & Brunner, T., University of Graz: Series Thermal Biomass Utilization. ISBN 3-9501980-2-4

Winiwarter W & Klimont Z (2005). Co-ordinated international activities to abate European PM emissions. In: Aerosols in Biomass Combustion, 18 March 2005.

Klaassen G, Amann M, Berglund C, Cofala J, Hoeglund-Isaksson L , Heyes C , Mechler R, Tohka A, et al. (2004). The Extension of the RAINS Model to Greenhouse Gases. IIASA Interim Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: IR-04-015

Amann M, Bertok I, Cofala J, Gyarfas F, Heyes C , Klimont Z , Schoepp W, & Winiwarter W (2004). Baseline Scenarios for the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme. IIASA Policy Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: XQ-04-825

Amann M, Bertok I, Cofala J, Gyarfas F, Heyes C , Klimont Z , Schoepp W, & Winiwarter W (2004). Baseline Scenarios for the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme. IIASA Policy Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: XQ-04-807

Amann M, Bertok I, Cofala J, Gyarfas F, Heyes C , Klimont Z , Schoepp W, & Winiwarter W (2004). The RAINS Integrated Assessment Model for Fine Particles. Final Report submitted to the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM), The Hague, Netherlands [2004]

Lieberman D, Jonas M , Nilsson S, Winiwarter W , & Nahorski Z (2004). Workshop Summary. International Workshop on Uncertainty in Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Verification, Compliance, and Trading, 24-25 September, Warsaw, Poland [2004]

Winiwarter W & Klimont Z (2004). Integration of N2O emissions from soils and other sources into the RAINS model. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture - Mitigation Options and Strategies.