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This chapter describes important RAINS-EMCO windows.
This window provides the facility to design your own emission control strategy.
A 'control strategy' defines for each fuel type used in an economic sector and for each time period a specific control measure. The available emission control measures can be applied to the entire sector or only to parts of it.
Changing/creating strategies:
When you start the control strategy editor, a panel called Source selection will be displayed. Begin the definition of a control strategy with the selection of the fuel - sector combination. You may select either fuel type followed by economic sector or you may follow the selection in the opposite sequence.
If you want to select fuel first, select Fuels from the combo-box on top-left of this window, the desired fuel type, and then the economic sector from the list of economic sectors using that fuel. It is also possible to select the economic sector first (by selecting Sectors from combo-box on top-left of the window) and then the fuel from the list of fuels used by that economic sector.After selection, a second panel (called Technology application) appears within the control strategy editor . Here you may enter the desired percentage of fuel use, to which a specific emission control (abatement) technology will be applied.
For instance, in the SO2 module, for the fuel 'high quality hard coal' (HC1) in the 'Other Industrial Combustion' sector, several emission control technologies are applicable: Low Sulfur Coal (LSCO), Limestone Injection (LINJ), Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (WFGD) and Regenerative Flue Gas Desulfurization (RFGD). You may specify the percentages of fuel used in this sector, to which the various control technologies should be applied. For instance, the user can specify 30% uncontrolled ("NoC" for No Control), 20% LSCO, 30% LINJ, 20% WFGD and 0% RFGD (total 100%).
A similar set can be created for any fuel/sector combination and saved into a file. For the design of an emission scenario, such saved control strategy files can be recalled and assigned to a specific energy consumption pathways, (i.e., EAS).
The BROWSE button allows you to view, at a glance, the amount of
control (as a percent of total capacity) applied to each sector/fuel combination
distinguished in the model in a Control
strategy browser window. The percentages refer to the relevant
fuel/sector/control technology combinations and are given for each year
available in the model (i.e. 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010). You can also
print this control strategy to a file or printer. When the control strategy
file is empty, i.e., no control is defined for any of the area sources, then a
message "Control strategy is empty" appears when the BROWSE button is
selected.
Changings in the Control strategy editor are recognized after
saving them.
The OPTIONS button on the top right of the Source selection panel allows you to coonect special user information (such as a user name or Description of a file) with a control strategy. Also a password facility (to restrict the editing operations) is available.
If you want to save the changes, then select the SAVE or SAVE AS button, or else select the CANCEL button to abort the changes. The HELP button displays this help text.
This window appears on selection of the BROWSE button in the Control strategy editor.
The Control strategy browser displays, for each sector/fuel
combination the percentages of total fuel consumed, to which the individual
control options are applied.
Control strategies that are not used in the current scenario are not
displayed at all.
Remark:
Please note that the Control strategy browser uses always the currently stored file. Thus, if you made changes with the Control strategy editor, you have to save them first, before the Control strategy browser recognizes them.
The data display window is used to present
This window provides you with the following facilities:
You can skip to another sub-window by clicking on the data display window you are interested in.
If you want to store the data of a data display window or to produce a print output, use the print button.
Menu path:
Energy / Total >
Energy / Energy aggregations >
Energy / Energy scenario / Region totals >
Emissions / Total >
Emissions / Aggregations >
Costs / Total >
Costs / Aggregations >
Sub-windows:
Remark:
Energy consumption is recorded with a positive value if the energy (fuel) is consumed; production (e.g., gross output of electricity or heat) is recorded with negative sign.
The Table window presents a table with data displayed in tabular
format.
Entries with value '-1' indicated that the combination (e.g
fuel-sector combination) is not applicable.
The Graph window displays the required information in either line or area graph format.. The graph can be scaled using the SCALE button in the Selections window.
The Selections window is used to
On the top of this window the name of the current emission abatement scenario is displayed. The window provides also a list of all countries and regions which were included in the calculations, together with the control strategy and energy pathway abbreviations relevant for a given scenario.
If you want to change the graph scaling, press SCALE. After this a Scale window appears.
The Scale window appears on selection of the SCALE button in the
Selections window.
It allows you to
define your own scaling for this graph or to use an automatic scaling. In the
first case enter the desired maximum value of the Y-axis behind the Maximum
prompt, in the second case just press DEFAULT.
If you are satisfied
with the scaling, press
OK, if not press CANCEL.
Remarks:
RAINS does not allow you to set the scaling below the maximum value of the curve. (If you try to do this, the value will be automatically reset to the maximum value.)
This window is used to enter names and descriptions of control strategy files or scenario files. Thus it is called up by the OPTIONS buttons of the Control strategy window and the Reduction scenario editor.
On the top of the window is the Name: prompt. Enter here
the abbreviation and the name of the (new) scenario or the control strategy. In
the
Author: and Password: prompts you may either
enter an author's name and a password or use the default settings (without
password).
Below the Description: prompt you may enter a
description of the details of your strategy/scenario. Enter here whatever you
think is useful for characterization of the strategy/scenario.
The Description of a File window also displays date of creation and the date of the last modification (these dates are uneditable).
Using the File selection window, you may load a file from a
particular drive or directory, edit an existing file, delete a
file or create a new file.
The facilities remains the same for almost all
types of file selection windows; the only difference lies in the type of file(s)
(i.e., in the selected user option).
On the top left of this window the currently selected filename is shown. You can select the file from a list of available files displayed in middle vertically scrollable list window.
The combo box bottom left:
Additionally, for scenario options (e.g., on selection of File / Load Scenario) a File Selection window appears with a combo box where you can select either a "Reduction Scenario" or an "Emission Vector".
A reduction scenario is created by assigning an energy/agricultural pathway and control strategy to each region. An emission vector is a user-defined file that includes for each region emission figures, which are not linked to any energy/agricultural pathway and control strategy. Therefore, for emission vectors it is not possible to display energy/agricultural activity and control cost information. However, each reduction scenario can be treated as an emission vector. Here, you must ensure that the proper type of scenario files are displayed. Before proceeding further, select "Reduction scenario" or "Emission vector". Next, select one of the scenario files and click the OK button.
The CANCEL button (at bottom right of this window) aborts the
changes. The
OK button is used to accept the selection of file and closes this
window. The EDIT button (if present) opens an edit panel for editing
control strategies or scenarios.
If a delete option is selected, the DELETE
button would remove the selected file; the
HELP button displays this help text.
The File Selection window is called up by the following user options:
Menu path:
File / Selections / Scenario
Control
Scenario
Toolbar button:
NOTE: The toolbar button invokes only the 'File / Selections / Scenario' action.
The print file window prints the displayed table or graph to a
printer or to a file.
This print facility prints the contents of the
current
data display window. If you are not sure
wether you are going to print a table or a graph, look at the file extension
provided in the print panel. If it is *.prt you are going to print a table, if
it is *.eps you are going to produce graphics in postscript format.
Printing a table:
To print a table, first select the Table sub-window of the current data display window and then click on theprint toolbar button.
In this window, select in the combo box on the upper right whether you want to print to a file or to a printer, provide either a filename to which the displayed information could be stored in tabular format or a printer port name (for e.g. LPT1, LPT2 etc.).
NOTE: The printer ports (LPT1, ...) must be defined in the Windows printer settings. If the print port is not defined on your Windows 95 machine, please refer to the documentation of the Windows printer setup program.
Printing a graph:
To print a graph, select the Graph window. Then select the print toolbar button, decide wether you want to print to a file or to a printer (select in theupper right combo box), and provide either the filename, where the displayed graph should be stored into a POSTSCRIPT format file, or send it directly to the POSTSCRIPT printer (by giving the port name instead of a file name (e.g., LPT1, LPT2, etc.).
NOTE: The printer ports (LPT1, ...) must be defined in the Windows printer settings. If the print port is not defined on your Windows 95 machine, please refer to the documentation of the Windows printer setup program.
The saved POSTSCRIPT file can be printed later on any POSTSCRIPT printer or converted to other graphics formats, e.g., by using a package like GHOSTSCRIPT (public domain).
NOTE: Remember, that graphs can only be printed on printers having POSTSCRIPT facility.
If you are printing to a file you have the facility to format the file for printing or for a spreadsheet by clicking on the combo box on the upper left corner.
The CANCEL button (at the bottom line of the print file window) allows you to exit this window without printing. The OK button accepts the selections and performs the printing operation before exiting this window. The HELP button will displays this help text.
Menu path:
File / Print
Toolbar button:
Using this facility, you can design your own emission abatement scenario, i.e., a combination of energy consumption pathways and control strategies for any country/region. You can also decide whether your scenario should include control measures already implemented in the base year ( Base year emission controls (SO2), Base year emission controls (NOx)). This can be done using the BASE YEAR CONTROL button.
While in theReduction scenario editor window, first select a country or region (or any number of countries/regions) from the list of countries/regions available in the vertical scrollable list, and then select either the Control strategy button or the Energy pathway button to change the emission control strategy file or energy consumption pathway, respectively, for the selected regions/countries. Decide whether you want to include the base year emission controls. If yes, click on IN (for "included") if not, click on EX (for "excluded"). You can also use the Select or Unselect button to either select or unselect all the available countries along with their regions, respectively.
On returning back to the Reduction scenario editor window, the changed energy path or control strategy filename are immediately displayed next to the relevant region/country.
SELECT ALL selects all countries/regions in one step, while UNSELECT ALL unselects all selected countries/regions.
CANCEL aborts the current session of the Reduction scenario editor; the HELP button displays this on-line help text.
After you have made the required changes, you can save these changes to the scenario file using either the SAVE or the SAVE AS buttons.
OPTIONS opens a Description of a file window, where you can store a name for your scenario, the author's name, a password, and further descriptions. This panel also displays the filename of the database in which this information is stored.
On selection of the CONTROL STRATEGY button, the File selection window appears, where you can select and assign the desired emission control strategy file to the selected regions/countries.
On selection of the ENERGY PATHWAY button, a window appears where you can select one of energy pathways from the list of available energy consumption pathways. Press the OK button to register the change, otherwise press the CANCEL button to cancel or reset the selection of energy consumption pathway.
The BASE YEAR CONTROL button allows you to define whether the emission control measures that were already implemented in the base year should be respected for a certain region or not. On selection of the button a panel called Base year control appears. To include the base year control, select Include base year control, to exclude it select Exclude base year control. This will change the Base year control prompt in the reduction scenario editor for the referring region (last column) either to EX (exclude) or IN (include).
Including base year control has the effect that the initial control is used for the base year and that any other definition in a control strategy definition for the base year will be ignored. This means in turn that measures specified in the control strategy are only effective for the base year if exclude is selected.
The base year emission controls can be viewed with the Base year emission controls (SO2) and Base year emission controls (NOx) options.
Select Locations is used to define the
Countries/regions for your
actions. For instance, if you select AUSTRIA and start Emissions / Total /
Country total, EMCO shows you a table of Austrian emissions.
With this
panel you are able to
By default Select Locations shows you a panel with a list of all countries: Countries/regions
Menu path:
File / Country/Region
Toolbar button:
Sub-windows:
Remark:
It is absolutely mandatory to select at least one region before the RAINS-EMCO module can perform any action. However, you can select more countries/regions simultaneously. In case you access any of the Table or Graph options without a prior selection of at least one region, the error message "No region is selected" will appear.
See also:
With this panel you may define the countries/regions for your actions.
Select a country/region:
You can select a country/region by pressing the checkboxes beside them.
SELECT ALL selects all countries/regions, UNSELECT ALL unselects all countries/regions.
Confirm with OK.HELP shows you on-line help.
To use one of the predefined selections press the button on the top right PREDEFINED SELECTIONS.
Calculation sequence:
If a given option allows either the aggregation of results over several countries or the the performance of the operations in a sequential manner for each country individually, you can determine here the mode of operation
For instance, the option Emissions / Aggregations / Emissions by fuel can either sum the emissions for all selected regions or calculate emissions for each region separately.
If you select "Sum over countries" or "Sum over regions", EMCO would sum up the emissions over all selected countries/regions.
If "Regions sequentially" is selected, EMCO would display a sequence of tables (one table for each selected region).This selection will be used until it is changed again.
The selection can also be changed with the toolbar button Aggregate. If the aggregate button shows a sigma
, the results will be summed up; if it shows separate sheets
, it will calculate results for each country separately.
This panel is used to select and define predefined selections of groups of counties.
Select a predefined selection:
On the left side you find a list of all existing selections. If you just want to select one of them (e.g. BENELUX), press the checkbox next to BENELUX, then press RETRIEVE SELECTION to load the selection and confirm with OK.
You can check the currently loaded countries, if you go back to Countries/regions and look at the change in the selection.
Define new selections:
To define a new selection, select the desired setting of countries/regions in the Countries/regions window. After this, go to the Predefined selections window and enter a name for the setting in the "Selection" prompt.
If you click on STORE SELECTION the selection will be stored.
This section describes the general options, mostly available under File option of main menu.
The Load scenario option allows you to select a previously defined emission abatement scenario. This scenario could be one of those which are distributed together with RAINS, or you can design your own, using the Reduction scenario editor (NOx & SO2), Reduction scenario editor (Ammonia).
The 'File / Load Scenario' option opens a File
selection window with a combo box where you may select either an
emission
abatement/reduction scenario or an
emission vector.
The
SELECT button lets you confirm the selection.
Menu path:
File / Load scenario
Toolbar button:
Remarks:
To perform most of EMCO's operations, at least one region and one scenario must be specified.
In contrast to the region, a default scenario is always specified at the start-up of RAINS:
The default scenario file is NO_CONTR.SxA, which means the default energy consumption pathway and no control technologies applied to any sources (sectors). The character "x" in the extension of the file name takes a value S, N or A for sulfur, NOx and Ammonia modules respectively. The name of the default scenario can be changed in the definition (ini) file.
The system does not allow to modify, overwrite or delete the default scenario files!
The Edit scenario option provides a facility to design your own emission abatement scenario or EAS (hereafter referred to as 'scenario'). The scenario contains an energy pathway and emission control strategy for each region. You can also modify a previously designed scenario. A File selection window appears on selection of this option.
EDIT opens a Reduction scenario editor (NOx & SO2), Reduction scenario editor (Ammonia) with the setting of the selected scenario.
Menu path:
File / Edit scenario
Toolbar button:
Related windows:
Remarks:
Please note that the edited scenario is not necessarily the scenario which was selected with Load scenario.
This option allows you to remove an existing scenario specification from
your hard disk.
Select the desired scenario and click on DELETE to
remove it.
CANCEL will terminate this option without changing the
scenario set; HELP provides on-line help.
Remark: This option does not remove control strategies and energy/agricultural pathways used by the selected (to be deleted) emission scenario!
Menu path:
File / Delete scenario
This option provides you with the facility to select one or more regions or countries. All further operations will be performed on data for these selected regions until you change the selection using this option again.
On selection of Country/Region, EMCO opens a Select Locations window.
Menu path:
File / Country/Region
Toolbar button:
Remarks:
Note that not all EMCO options allow you to select more than one regions!
In order to speed up the calculations, RAINS stores intermediate coefficients (for emissions and control costs) in binary files. Consequently, whenever the related parameters affecting these coefficients are modified or changed, it is necessary to initialize (or update) these files. Note, however, that only changes made externally to the RAINS databases (i.e., to the dbase data files) will require an update of the intermediate files. All changes made within RAINS will automatically perform the necessary updates.
Initializing (updating) emission factors:
Select the 'Region dependent emission factors' option in the sub-menu. This option will update removal efficiencies as well.
Initializing (updating) the cost factors:
Select the 'Region dependent cost coeffiicients' option in the submenu.
Initializing (updating) the default emission factors and removal
efficiencies:
(only for EMCO NOx)
Select the 'Default emission factors and removal efficiency' option in the sub-menu.
Initializing (updating) energy consumption in industry (subtracting
energy use in cement industry):
(not in EMCO Ammonia)
Select the 'Energy in industry (subtract use in cement production)' option in the sub-menu.
This initialization is necessary in order to account for the fact that processes of cement and lime production are characterized by a high retention of sulfur in ash. Total emissions from these processes are included in the process emission factors. In order to avoid double accounting, energy used for calculations of emissions in industry does not include consumption by cement and lime production processes, which is achieved through the appropriate initialization.
Menu path :
File / Initialization >
The Preferences window will display the current (or default) settings for RAINS, few of which are stored in definition file (RAINS.INI). These settings can be changed directly in this window.
Preferences contains sub-windows in the 'notebook style':
To open one of the sub-windows, click on their names at the top of the window.
Menu path:
File / Preferences
Sub-windows:
This window displays the settings of:
Scenario - the currently selected
scenario.
Current
year - the currently selected simulation year.
Display - defines
whether the data display window should display the
table view first or the graph view.
Help
browser - this defines the HTML viewer application that is used to display
the interactive help texts. Please note that the selected helper application
must be installed. If something else than LIKSE is selected, the application
must be running.
Output files - default names for RAINS-EMCO output.
These are:
Text file - default filename for text file output in the print option.
Postscript file - default filename for postscript output in the print option.
To change the scenario, press the BROWSE button. It will perform the same action as the Load Scenario option.
To change the year, select the desired year directly in the pull down list behind the Current year prompt.
This window displays the currently given file locations for:
User path - RAINS user area (for storing user made scenarios etc.).
Database
root path - RAINS database files parent directory (for databases).
Control
strategy path - control strategies location path.
Current (program)
path - directory for the executable files.
To change the paths, press the BROWSE button and select in the File selection panel a new pathname.
Remarks:
You have to provide only the path to the parent directory under which various sub-directories of country names exist. For example, for the European databases, type C:\RAINS7\EUROPE, where the EUROPE directory contains data under sub-directories for individual countries (e.g., AUST, FINL, ITAL - names equal to abbreviations used in RAINS). Each of these sub-directories contains databases or other sub-directories with country/region-specific information.
This panel allows you to define which toolbar buttons and other entries (like "Year") will be displayed in the toolbar of your RAINS main window.
If the check box before the name of the operation is selected, the referring toolbar button will be displayed. To select or unselect toolbar buttons, click into the check boxes.
You find the lists with the available toolbar buttons at All toolbar buttons (EMCO NOx & SO2), All toolbar buttons (EMCO Ammonia).
Menu path:
File / Customize
This option terminates the RAINS-EMCO module and closes all related windows.
Menu path :
File / Exit
Remarks:
Under Windows95 (1) this option is also performed by clicking on the
button on the top right of RAINS Main Window.
(1) Here Windows refers to the Microsoft WindowsTM software.
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