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This chapter describes features and options of the RAINS-EMCO Ammonia module.
The main parts of this chapter are:
RAINS-EMCO Ammonia main window
All toolbar buttons
RAINS-EMCO Ammonia main menu and Sub-Menus
RAINS user options contains a hirachical list of all user options.
On loading RAINS-EMCO Ammonia, the main window showing the main menu, the toolbar and its different areas will be displayed. This is a typical window, and resembles other windows which shall be opened on selection of menu options. Table 1 in Section 0 describes ways for maneuvering from window to window and for moving through menus using the keyboard and the mouse.
Similar to this main window, most of the RAINS windows consist of a border
or shadow effect, a title (top-center), the close
button (top right, shown by 
), the 'minimize'
and 'maximize' buttons (top-right, shown by
and
respectively) and the 'system' button
(top-left, shown by the RAINS icon ). The system button is used to select
window- or system-specific commands associated with the window (e.g., size,
move, minimize and maximize). If any menu items are specified with the system
button, a pop-up menu is displayed.
The 
button resizes the current window from maximum size to 'medium' size. Thus, it's
only enabled in case the window is maximized. In this case it's displayed
instead of the maximize button ().
Below the title bar is the menu bar with the main menu (described below), and below it the toolbar with some buttons and two combo boxes.
All buttons on the toolbar perform functions
which are also provided by the menus and submenus. In fact they are just a kind
of 'shortcut' to frequently used menu options. In all descriptions of the RAINS
options both the referring menu path and the toolbar button can be found.
To
get a list of all existing toolbar buttons, click here: All
Buttons.
To add or remove toolbar buttons, use the
File / Preferences option.
In the default configuration the toolbar includes also two combo boxes. One of them enables you to select the year for which the calculations will be performed; the other one specifies the type (tables/graphs) and destination of output (screen or printer). To select the desired year or output device, click on the arrow on the right of the combo box.
The bottom bar displays the following information.
Scenario :
The file name of the currently selected scenario file. In case no scenario file is selected, the default scenario file name "NO_CONTR" or nothing (empty box) is displayed.
Country :
The country code of the currently selected country.
When more than one countries are selected simultaneously, 'more' is displayed. In case no country is selected, 'None' is displayed.
Region :
The region code of the selected region from the list of available regions for that country.
If several regions are selected simultaneously, 'more' is displayed. In case no region is selected, 'None' is displayed.
In the European implemenation of the RAINS model most of the countries are not subdivided in sub-regions. In case such a country is selected Region displays 'WHOL'.
Agricultural pathway:
The name of the agricultural pathway for the selected country/region. This pathway name is taken from the currently selected scenario (or EAS) file, see Reduction scenario editor.
Here you find all toolbar buttons which are used in RAINS Ammonia. Click on them to view the referring description:
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To add or remove toolbars to/from the toolbar, use the File / Preferences option.
The scenario editor enables the user to design her/his own emission abatement scenario, i.e., a combination of agricultural pathway and control strategy for any country/region.
The Reduction scenario editor is invoked by the File/Edit scenario option.
In theReduction scenario editor window, first select a country or region (or any number of countries/regions) from the list of countries/regions available in the vertical scrollable list, and then select either the Control strategy button or the Agricultural pathway button to change the emission control strategy file or agricultural pathway, respectively, for the selected regions/countries.
After returning back to the Reduction scenario editor window, the changes in the agricultural pathway or control strategy filename are immediately incorporated in the scenario and the user can see the current selection next to each country/region.
SELECT ALL selects all countries/regions in one step, while UNSELECT ALL unselects all selected countries/regions.
CANCEL aborts the current session of the Reduction scenario editor and the HELP button displays this on-line help text.
After the required changes are made they can be saved to the scenario file using either the SAVE or the SAVE AS buttons.
OPTIONS opens a Description of a file window, where the user can specify the name of the scenario, the author's name, a password, etc.. This panel also displays the filename of the database in which the information is stored.
After selection of the CONTROL STRATEGY button the File selection window appears, where the user can select and assign the desired emission control strategy file to the selected regions/countries.
On selection of the AGRICULTURAL PATHWAY button a window called Agricultural pathway selection appears in the Reduction scenario editor. This window displays all available agricultural data sets and the user can select one of them.
After selecting a data set, confirm it by pressing the OK button;
the agricultural pathway will be changed in the scenario
editor. CANCEL will abort the changes and return to the previous
settings.
HELP provides on-line help.
This option enables the user to design her/his own emission control strategies.
Each control strategy consists of a combination of animal type/agricultural sector and control measures. The available emission abatement technologies can be applied to a given (specified by the user) percentage of the animals for each year.
Changing/creating strategies:
The Control strategy editor is invoked by the Control/ Edit control strategy option. After selection of this option the File selection window appears, where the user can choose the control strategy file for editing (click CANCEL to return to the main window). Click EDIT to start editing, a panel called Source selection will be opened. Start the definition of a control strategy with the selection of an animal type/agricultural sector. After selection of any entry from this list a second panel within the control strategy editor called Technology application will be opened. In this window the user can enter the percentage of animals whose emissions should be controlled in a given year by a given control technology. The top row in this window called NoC indicates remaining 'non controlled' animals.
After doing this the user may return to the Source selection panel and do the same for other sectors/animal categories. After completing the task the strategy file can be saved using SAVE or SAVE AS buttons. These saved control strategy files can be recalled and assigned later during the design (editing) of the scenario (i.e., EAS). To abort without saving the changes, select the CANCEL button.
The BROWSE button allows the user to view the control strategy file
(the latest saved copy of the file!) in a Control strategy browser. The
percentages shown refer to the relevant sector/control technology combinations
and are given for each year available in the model (i.e. 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005
and 2010). You can also print this control strategy to a file or printer.
If
the control strategy file is empty, i.e., if no control is defined for any of
the sources, then a message appears when the BROWSE button is selected.
The OPTIONS button in the top right of the Source selection panel allows you to incorporate user information such as an user name or Description of a file. Also a password facility (to restrict the editing operations) is available.
The HELP button displays this help text.
NOTE:
The RAINS-EMCO Ammonia Control strategy editor includes single control technologies and their combinations. The acronyms used in the panel are listed in the Technology application panel., e.g., BF for biofiltration. Combinations of abatement options are represented by 'joined' abbreviations, e.g., LNF_BF_LNA for combination of low nitrogen fodder, biofiltratration and low ammonia application techniques.
The systematic layout of the main menu and its associated options is provided below.
Note: The > mark indicates a sub-menu associated with that option (or item).
This option allows you to view the agricultural database of the RAINS model. This database contains information for the year 1990 and projections up to the year 2010 of animal numbers, fertilizer use and production, as well as emissions from other sources.
These options are:
Menupath:
Agricultural data
This table shows the number of animals for the selected region (regions). The table includes the base year and projected numbers up to the year 2010. Data for the base year are derived from FAO statistics and the CORINAIR'90 database.
Menupath:
Agricultural data / Detailed view / Agricultural Data by Animals
The table Fertilizer data over time shows the fertilizer consumption (use) and production per year in the selected region (regions). The data contains base year data and projections up to the year 2010. The data for 1990 are based on FAO statistics.
Menupath:
Agricultural data / Detailed view / Fertilizer use
The table Other NH3 emission sources over time shows the emissions of ammonia per year (kt NH3/year) from other industry, waste treatment and other sources for the selected region (regions).
Menupath:
Agricultural data / Detailed view / Other NH3 Emission Sources
This option allows to calculate and view the NH3 emissions for every sector (animal type) and year for the selected region (regions) in kt NH3/year.
Menupath:
Emissions / Detailed View / NH3 Emissions by animals and sectors
This option allows you to calculate and view the NH3 emissions for every process type and year for the selected region (regions) in kt NH3/year.
Menupath:
Emissions / Detailed view / NH3 Emissions by process over time
This option allows you to calculate and view the NH3 emissions for every sector (animal type) and process type (where appropriate) for the selected region (regions) and selected year (in kt NH3/year).
Menupath:
Emissions / Detailed view / NH3 Emissions by animals per process
This sub-menu contains user options to display region specific information on emission factors, removal efficiencies of ammonia abatement options and shares of high/low efficiency covered storage (CS) and low ammonia application (LNA) control options. For more detailed information please refer to the appropriate options listed below.
Menupath:
Emissions / Regional coefficients >
This option displays the table with emission factors for all animal categories (animal type) and process stages (process type) as well as total amonia emission factors (EF_Total) in kg NH3 per animal for the selected region. The last two rows of this table include emission factors for fertilizer consumption and production. These emission factors are expressed in kg ammonia emitted per tonne of mineral fertilizers used or produced [kg NH3/t N].
The process stages are:
Menupath:
Emissions / Regional coefficients / NH3 Emission factors
This option displays the shares of high and low efficiency covered storage
(CS) and low ammonia application (LNA) control options for the selected region
as a percentage of the animals stock. These shares are used in the calculation
of cost coefficients and removal efficiencies of combined control options, e.g.
SA_LNA (stable adaptation and low ammonia application).
The sum of high and
low shares do not necessarily add up to 100%, because it is not always possible
to apply CS/LNA on all animals.
Menupath:
Emissions / Regional coefficients / Shares of high/low CS, LNA
See also:
This option displays the removal efficiencies of all animal type/technology combinations for all process stages (in %).
The process stages are:
Menupath:
Emissions / Regional coefficients / Removal efficiency
See also:
This option allows you to calculate and view the emission abatement costs for every animal type over time for all selected region(s) and the selected scenario (in million ECU/year).
Menupath:
Costs / Detailed view / Cost by animals
This option allows to calculate and view the emission abatement costs for every process type over time for selected region(s) and the selected scenario (in million ECU/year).
Menupath:
Costs / Detailed view / Cost by process over time
This option allows to calculate and view the emission abatement costs for every process type over animal type for selected region(s), year and scenario (in million ECU/year).
Menupath:
Costs / Detailed view / Cost by animals per process
This sub-menu contains all menu options for displaying input data which are
used for the cost calculation.
The following options are in this sub-menu:
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters >
This option displays unit abatement costs for all animal type/technology combinations in ECU per animal and year (CA), in ECU per ton NH3 removed (CN) as well as the removed ammonia emissions for selected year and region (kt NH3/year).
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Regional coefficients / Cost coefficients
This options displays applicability rates of abatement techniques for
selected region, i.e. what percent of each
animal type can be controlled with
a given technique.
A -1 indicates that the
animal type/technology combination is not
defined, while a 0 indicates that a given technique cannot be
applied for a given animal type in the selected region.
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Regional coefficients / potential application abatement
Remarks:
Please note: The percentages of application given in the control strategies refer always to the possible application abatement ("potentials").
See also:
This option displays the manure production for all animal types in m^3 per animal for all regions.
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Regional coefficients / Manure production
This option displays the average number of animals per stable for all animal types and regions.
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Regional coefficients / Stable size
This option displays the electricity price (ce) in ECU per kWh and the interest rate (ql) in percent for all regions.
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Regional coefficients / Electricity price, interest rate
This option displays the volume of manure applied per hectare (Qmh) in m^3 per ha and year and the fertilizer price (ck) in ECU per kg fertilizer (expressed as N) for all regions.
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Regional coefficients / Manure per ha, fertilizer price
This option displays specific parameters of low nitrogen feed (LNF) control option. These are:
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Technology specific parameters / LNF Parameters
See also:
This option displays specific parameters for the stable adaptation (SA) control option. These are:
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Technology specific parameters / SA parameters
See also:
This option displays specific parameters for either low or high efficiency covered storage (CS) control option. These are:
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Technology specific parameters / CS high parameters
Costs / Cost parameters / Technology specific parameters / CS low parameters
See also:
This option displays specific parameters for the biofiltration (BF) control option. These are:
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Technology specific parameters / BF parameters
See also:
This option displays specific parameters for the low- and high efficiency
low ammonia application (LNA) control option. These are:
- fixed and
variable costs of manure application on arable land (cfma and
cvma)
- and fixed and variable costs of manure injection
on grassland (cfmg and cvmg).
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Technology specific parameters / LNA high parameters
Costs / Cost parameters / Technology specific parameters / LNA low parameters
See also:
This option displays the unit abatement costs for industrial emissions for
the selected region (in ECU per ton NH3 removed).
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Technology specific parameters / Industrial emission control
See also:
This option displays the shares of manure applied on grassland (Smg)
and arable land (Sma) for each animal type and region.
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Animal specific parameters / Shares of LNA application
See also:
This option displays the animal rounds (ar in rounds per year) and the capacity utilization factor (sb) for all animal types and the selected region.
Menupath:
Costs / Cost parameters / Animal specific parameters / Animal rounds and utilization rate
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