Energy System Transformations
Within the Global Energy Assessment a range of energy system transformation strategies was analyzed that meet simultaneously a set of energy policy objectives, including universal energy access, improving energy security, reductions of human health impacts of energy systems as well as limiting the magnitude of climate change below 2C. Using ENE’s integrated modeling framework and considering inherent uncertainties of the future, the following main findings were identified:
- Fundamental energy systems transformations are feasible within the time frame of meeting the various energy policy objectives.
- There exists many combinations of energy technology and policy options that achieve these fundamental transformations.
- Improved energy efficiency emerges as the main leverage point that increases the flexibility of achieving transformations in energy supply-systems.
- The costs of major transformations are comparatively modest, and yield substantial multiple benefits for human health, the environment, energy security, and green growth.
- However, radical departures from business as usual policies and investment patterns are required. These will need to include new models of international corporation in technology development and deployment, climate policy, and for improving energy access.