Chapter 9: Energy End-Use: Transport

Lead Authors (LA)
Felix Creutzig (Technical University of Berlin, Germany)
Carolina Dubeux (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) 
Jane Hupe (International Civil Aviation Organization, Canada)
Shigeki Kobayashi (Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Japan)

Contributing Authors (CA)
Luiz Alberto de Melo Brettas (Brazilian National Civil Aviation)
Theodore Thrasher (International Civil Aviation Organization, Canada)
Sandy Webb (Independent Consultant)

Review Editor
Ji ZOU (Renmin University of China)

9.1 Introduction: Transportation And Energy – A Global Perspective
   9.1.1 The Gea Approach To Transportation And Energy: Acting On Multiple Goals To Realize Multiple Benefits
   9.1.2 Overview Of Energy Use In Transportation

9.2 Energy Use In Different Modes Of Transportation
   9.2.1 Road Transportation
   9.2.2 Railways
   9.2.3 Aviation
   9.2.4 Shipping

9.3 Transportation Trends And Their Relation To Major Global Issues
   9.3.1 Economic Growth And Equity
   9.3.2 Public Health And Local Ecosystem Impacts
   9.3.3 Climate Change
   9.3.4 Energy Security

9.4 Assessing Energy Resources And Technology Options
   9.4.1 Alternative Fuels For Road Transportation
   9.4.2 Improving The Efficiency Of Road Vehicles
   9.4.3 Aviation
   9.4.4 Shipping And Railways

9.5 Alternative Images Of Future Transport Scenarios
   9.5.1 Gea-Transport Model Overview
   9.5.2 Assumptions
   9.5.3 Key Results
   9.5.4 Interpretations Of How The Pathways Meet The Gea Goals

9.6 Policies And Measures To Meet Multiple Goals For Sustainability And Toward A Global Energy Transition
   9.6.1 Reduce The Need To Travel
   9.6.2 Develop Alternatives To Car Use
   9.6.3 Improve Use Of Existing Infrastructure
   9.6.4 Policies For Alternative Fuels And Efficient Vehicles
   9.6.5 Creating Economic Incentives Or Disincentives
   9.6.6 Establish Policies Targeting Freight And Long-Distance Transport: Shipping, Trucks, Rail, And Air
   9.6.7 Assessment Of Policy Contributions To Meeting The Multiple Gea And Transport Sustainability Goals
   9.6.8 Enabling Conditions To Facilitating A Sustainable, Low-Carbon Transition

9.7 Conclusion

References