IIASA models, tools, and data are developed in collaboration with partners to tackle challenges at global, regional, national, and sub-national levels.
Read how IIASA works with research partners across the globe to deliver world-class research.
Lead Authors (LA)
Kalpana Balakrishnan (Sri Ramachandra University, India)
Colin Butler (Australian National University)
Zoë Chafe (University of California, Berkeley, USA)
Ian Fairlie (Consultant on Radiation in the Environment, UK)
Patrick Kinney (Columbia University, USA)
Tord Kjellstrom (Umea University, Sweden)
Denise L. Mauzerall (Princeton University, USA)
Thomas McKone (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA)
Anthony McMichael (Australian National University)
Mycle Schneider (Consultant on Energy and Nuclear Policy, France)
Paul Wilkinson (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK)
Review Editor
Jill Jäger (Sustainable Europe Research Institute, Austria)
Download Full Chapter (Low Resolution; High Resolution)
Please use the following reference for this chapter:
Smith, K. R., K. Balakrishnan, C. Butler, Z. Chafe, I. Fairlie, P. Kinney, T. Kjellstrom, D. L. Mauzerall, T. McKone, A. McMichael and M. Schneider, 2012: Chapter 4 - Energy and Health. In Global Energy Assessment - Toward a Sustainable Future, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, pp. 255-324.
Export Citation (RIS Format)
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Household Energy Systems
4.2.1 Key Messages
4.2.2 Background
4.2.3 Patterns Of Household Fuel Use In Developing Countries
4.2.4 Emissions From Combustion Of Household Fuels
4.2.5 Exposures To Health-Damaging Pollutants From Combustion Of Household Fuels
4.2.6 Health Effects Associated With Household Fuel Combustion
4.2.7 Intervention Effectiveness
4.2.8 Conclusion
4.3 Occupational Health Effects Of Energy Systems
4.3.1 Key Messages
4.3.2 Background
4.3.3 Biomass
4.3.4 Coal
4.3.5 Oil And Gas
4.3.6 Hydropower
4.3.7 Nuclear
4.3.8 Other Electricity (Wind, Solar, Waste)
4.3.9 Number Of Workers And Quantitative Health Effects Comparisons
4.3.10 Conclusion
4.4 Community Effects Of Energy Systems
4.4.1 Key Messages
4.4.2 Background
4.4.3 Community Health Risks From Energy-Related Air Pollutants
4.4.4 Exposure Vs. Emissions
4.4.5 Building-Related Air Pollution Emissions
4.4.6 Transportation Emissions
4.4.7 Community Impacts Of Transported Regional Pollutants Related To Energy Supply
4.4.8 Energy-Related Pollutants In Water And Soils
4.4.9 Other Sources
4.4.10 Conclusions
4.5 Regional And Transboundary Impacts
4.5.1 Key Messages
4.5.2 Contribution Of Energy Systems To Air Pollution
4.5.3 Mechanisms Of Regional And Intercontinental Transport
4.5.4 Implications Of The Lack Of A Threshold Below Which Air Pollutants No Longer Damage Health
4.5.5 Effect Of Ozone On Agricultural Yields
4.5.6 Mercury Emissions: Transport And Intake That Affects Health
4.5.7 Effects Of Air Quality On Climate Change And Vice Versa: Resulting Effects On Health
4.5.8 Conclusion
4.6 Global Health Impacts From Climate Change
4.6.1 Key Messages
4.6.2 Background
4.6.3 Diverse Health Risks; Multiple Causal Pathways
4.6.4 Direct Health Impacts: Temperature Extremes, Weather Disasters, And Health Impacts
4.6.5 Direct Health Impacts: Sea Level Rise
4.6.6 Indirect Pathways
4.6.7 Social, Economic, And Cultural Disruption And Health
4.6.8 Burden Of Human Disease Attributable To Climate Change
4.6.9 Differences In Vulnerability
4.6.10 Climate Change And Health: Attuning Public Health Capacities
4.7 Routine Health Impacts Of The Nuclear Power Fuel Chain
4.7.1 Key Messages
4.7.2 Overview
4.7.3 The Nuclear Fuel Chain
4.7.4 Uranium Mining And Milling
4.7.5 Uranium Conversion And Enrichment
4.7.6 Nuclear Power Reactors And Nuclear Reprocessing Plants
4.7.7 Decommissioning And Waste Management
4.7.8 Transport
4.7.9 Summary
4.8 Emerging Energy Systems
4.8.1 Key Messages
4.8.2 Background
4.8.3 Baseline Impact Assessment
4.8.4 Biofuels
4.8.5 Synfuels
4.8.6 Large-Scale Solar And Wind Power Systems
4.8.7 Geo-Engineering Schemes
4.8.8 Advanced Materials In Energy Systems
4.9 Energy Efficiency
4.9.1 Key Messages
4.9.2 Energy Efficiency, Energy Use, And Health
4.9.3 Household Energy Efficiency
4.9.4 Potential Adverse Health Effects
4.9.5 Health Benefits
4.9.6 Conclusion
4.10 Co-Benefits For Climate Change Mitigation And Health Promotion
4.10.1 Key Messages
4.11 Conclusions
4.11.1 Key Messages
References
Online Database
Additional Publications
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Phone: (+43 2236) 807 0 Fax:(+43 2236) 71 313
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) - Schlossplatz 1 - A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria - (+43 2236) 807 0 - Fraud alert | Terms of use