Convening Lead Author (CLA)
Daniel H. Bouille (Bariloche Foundation, Argentina)
Lead Authors (LA)
Hugo Altomonte (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean)
Douglas F. Barnes (Energy for Development, USA)
Touria Dafrallah (Environment and Development Action in the Third World, Senegal)
Hu GAO (Energy Research Institute, China)
Hector Pistonesi (Bariloche Foundation, Argentina)
Ram M. Shrestha (Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand)
Eugene Visagie (Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa)
Contributing Authors (CA)
Jean Acquatella (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean)
Suani T. Coelho (Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass)
Sivanappan Kumar (Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand)
Debajit Palit (The Energy and Resources Institute, India)
Gisela Prasad (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
Review Editor
Leena Srivastava (The Energy and Resources Institute, India)
23.1 Chapter Roadmap
23.2 Introduction
23.3 The Development Gap: Socioeconomic, Poverty, And Inequity Context
23.4 Key Challenges And Barriers To Be Addressed By A Policy For Access To Modern Forms Of Energy
23.4.1 Political Failure
23.4.2 Population Dynamic: Urban And Peri-Urban Access To Modern Forms Of Energy
23.4.3 Rural Energy And Electrification
23.4.4 Scale Of Investment For Universal Access: Scenario Target
23.4.5 Funding Gap And Financial Constraints
23.4.6 Capacity, Management, And Institutional Gap
23.4.7 Gender And Energy
23.4.8 Climate Change, Green Economy, And Poverty
23.4.9 Decision Making Under Uncertainty
23.4.10 Oil Price Volatility
23.4.11 Final Remarks On Challenges
23.5 Introduction Regional Analysis
23.6 Africa Review: Successes, Failures, And Proposals
23.6.1 Introduction
23.6.2 Access
23.6.3 The Energy Dimension In The Poverty-Reduction Strategies
23.6.4 Assessment Of National Energy Policies/Strategies In Selected African Countries
23.6.5 Energy Strategies Of Africa And Sub-Regional Bodies
23.6.6 Key Conclusions On Policies At A Regional Level
23.6.7 Lessons Learned
23.7 Asia Review: Successes, Failures, And Proposals
23.7.1 Introduction
23.7.2 Energy Access Programs And Success Stories In Some Selected Countries
23.7.3 The Experience Of India In Rural Electricity Access
23.7.4 China
23.7.5 Lessons Learned
23.8 Latin America Review
23.8.1 Introduction
23.8.2 Poverty And Energy Access
23.8.3 Energy Access Policies In Rural And Urban Areas
23.8.4 Selected Energy Access Policy Experiences In Lac
23.8.5 Lessons Learned
23.9 Concluding Remarks And Suggestions
23.10 Key Findings And Lessons Learned
23.11 Policy Options And Some Recommendations
23.11.1 Diagnosis And Information
23.11.2 Reform Of The Tariff, Tariff Structure, And The Subsidy Systems
23.11.3 Innovation And Guarantee Of Financing Mechanisms
23.11.4 Changes In Regulatory Structure
23.11.5 Capacity Development And Strengthening
23.11.6 Policy Alignment
23.11.7 Regional Integration And Cooperation
23.11.8 Final Remarks
References