Resource Requirements for Industrial Processes: A WELMM Comparison of Energy Chains

This paper presents an application of the WELMM method to the comparison of various energy chains. It can be divided into two main parts: (1) the comparison of energy chains at the secondary energy level (four coal, three nuclear and two solar electricity producing chains with an annual output of 6.1 TWh each, are studied); (2) the comparison of energy chains at the useful energy level (for a defined output of 0.65 Mtce useful energy three alternative chains are studied: coal-electric, synthetic natural gas, and liquefied natural gas).
More disaggregated data on the nuclear and solar electricity producing chains are presented in the Appendix.

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