Copyright © 2002, IIASA & RAS
All Rights Reserved
Soil
correlation
There is a lack of common procedures on how to correlate soils from different soil classifications. The main problem is due to the fact that soil is a naturally continuous substance. It can be subdivided differently according to the different specific purposes and relevant principles. This implies that there are a wide variety of possible soil classifications. In practice, national soil classifications are built upon their own concepts and rules that meet mainly regional needs and which are based on local experience. Clearly, harmonization of theories is a rather questionable and delicate task, and is one which is may not be necessary. Another problem comes from the great diversity of natural soil peculiarities. Regional characteristics drive local practices and traditions. Obviously, the aggregation of knowledge from different regions is quite difficult. Some problems originate from specific regional soil characteristics and their selection for soil diagnosis. For example, soils in countries with arid climates will be described differently than those of humid environments. Finally, different soil classifications are based on inadequate taxonomic significance of the same soil attributes in various soil classifications. For example, the genetic peculiarity of certain characteristics in the Russian soil classification would be very different than a classification based on pure qualitative criteria, ignoring the origin of the soil. For example, in the Russian genetic soil classification, soil profiles having similar extent of texture differentiation will be classified differently, and at different taxonomic level, if one soil originated from pedogenic illuviation and another is assumed to be associated with lithological heterogeneity. However, this pedogenetic reasoning would be ignored by FAO soil classification. Details on the correlation methods are discussed in some publications (Stolbovoi, 2000; Stolbovoi, and Sheremet, 1995, 2000; Rozhkov, Stolbovoi, et al., 1990; Shishov, Rozhkov and Stolbovoi, 1985).
A full list of the correlated soils that have been distinguished in the study is given in Appendix III.
Appendix IV. Legends correlation:
soil map of Russia and NIS countries at the scale of 1:2.5 M
(SMR and NIS) with WRB (WRB; FAO, 1998), FAO revised legend (FAO, 1988)
and European Soil Geographical Information System (FAO-Unesco, 1974).
|
SMR and NIS |
WRB; FAO, 1998 |
FAO, 1988 |
FAO, 1974 |
|
|
Names |
Histosols (HS) |
Remarks |
Histosols (HS) |
Histosol (O) |
|
Peats boggy degrading (mineralizing) |
Histosols Cryic (HScy) |
New compared with 1988 |
Histosols Gelic (HSi) |
Dystric Histosol (Od) |
|
Peats boggy solonchakous |
Histosols Salic (HSsz) |
New compared with 1988. Histosols Cryic in permafrost zone. |
Histosols Terric (HSs) |
Eutric Histosol (Oe) |
|
Peats transitional moor |
Histosols Fibric (HSfi) |
New compared with 1988. Histosols Cryic in permafrost zone. |
Histosols Fibric (HSf) |
Dystric Histosol (Od) |
|
Peats high moor |
Histosols Fibric (HSfi) |
New compared with 1988. Histosols Cryic in permafrost zone. |
Histosols Fibric (HSf) |
Dystric Histosol (Od) |
|
Peats boggy (without subdivission) |
Histosols Fibric (HSfi) |
Renamed. Histosols Cryic in permafrost zone. |
Histosols (HS), without subdivision |
Dystric Histosol (Od) |
|
Histosols Sapric (HSsa) |
New compared with 1988. Histosols Cryic in permafrost zone. |
Histosols Terric (HSs) |
Eutric Histosol (Oe) |
|
|
Peat-ashes bandding boggy |
Histosols Sapric (HSsa) |
New compared with 1988. Histosols Cryic in permafrost zone. |
Histosols Terric (HSs) |
Eutric Histosol (Oe) |
|
Cryosols (CR) |
Does not exist |
Does not exist |
||
|
Gleyzems tundra shallow and deep peat |
Cryosols Histic (CRhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Gelic (GLi) |
Gelic Gleysol (Gx) |
|
Gleyzems peaty and peaty- humic tundra |
Cryosols Histic (CRhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Gelic (GLi) |
Gelic Gleysol (Gx) |
|
Gleyzems tundra differentiated peaty-muck and peat |
Cryosols Histic (CRhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Gelic (GLi) |
Gelic Gleysol (Gx) |
|
Gleyzems weak-gley peaty-humic taiga |
Cryosols Histic (CRhi) |
New compared with 1988. In Cryogenic patterns Cryosols Turbic (Crtu) |
Gleysols Gelic (GLi) |
Gelic Gleysol (Gx) |
|
Gleyzems peaty-muck taiga |
Cryosols Histic (CRhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Gelic (GLi) |
Gelic Gleysol (Gx) |
|
Taiga peaty-muck high-humic non-gleyic |
Gryosols Histic (CRhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Cambisols Gelic (CMi) |
Gelic Cambisol (Bx) |
|
Soils of spots (saline, arctic and tundra) |
Cryosols Turbic (CRtu) |
New compared with 1988 |
Leptosols Gelic (LPi) |
Gelic Regosol (Rx) |
|
Gleyzems arctic |
Cryosols Gleyic (CRgl) |
Renamed |
Gleysols Gelic (GLi) |
Gelic Gleysol (Gx) |
|
Gleyzems arctotundra muck-gley |
Cryosols Gleyic (CRgl) |
New compared with 1988. In Cryogenic patterns Cryosols Turbic (Crtu) |
Gleysols Gelic (GLi) |
Gelic Gleysol (Gx) |
|
Volcanics illuvial-humic tundrа |
Cryosols Andic (CRan) |
New compared with 1988 |
Andosols Gelic (ANi) |
Gelic Andosol (Tx) |
|
Muck-calcareouses tundra |
Cryosols Calcic (CRcc) |
New compared with 1988 |
Leptosols Gelic (LPi) |
Gelic Regosol (Rx) |
|
Gleyzems and weak-gley humic tundra |
Cryosols Umbric (CRum) |
New compared with 1988. In Cryogenic patterns Cryosols Turbic (Crtu) |
Gleysols Gelic (GLi) |
Gelic Gleysol (Gx) |
|
Tundra meadows |
Cryosols Umbric (CRum) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Gelic (GLi) |
Gelic Gleysol (Gx) |
|
Arctic desert |
Cryosols Yermic (CRye) |
New compared with 1988 |
Regosols Gelic (RGi) |
Gelic Regosol (Rc) |
|
Arctic hydromorphic non-gleyic |
Cryosols Oxyaquic (CRoa) |
New compared with 1988 |
Regosols Gelic (RGi) |
Gelic Regosol (Rx) |
|
Arctic calcareous |
Cryosols Calcic (CRcc) |
New compared with 1988 |
Regosols Calcaric (RGc) |
Gelic Regosol (Rx) |
|
Arctic cryozems |
Cryosols Haplic (CRha) |
New compared with 1988. In Cryogenic patterns Cryosols Turbic (Crtu) |
Regosols Gelic (RGi) |
Gelic Regosol (Rx) |
|
Soils of permafrost cracks |
Cryosols Haplic (CRha |
New compared with 1988 |
Leptosols Gelic (LPi) |
Gelic Regosol (Rx) |
|
Podburs dark tundra |
Cryosols Haplic (CRha) |
New compared with 1988. In Cryogenic patterns Cryosols Turbic (Crtu) |
Podzols Gelic (PZi) |
Orthic Podzol (Po) |
|
Podburs light tundra |
Cryosols Haplic (CRha) |
New compared with 1988. In Cryogenic patterns Cryosols Turbic (Crtu) |
Podzols Gelic (PZi) |
Orthic Podzol (Po) |
|
Podburs tundra (without subdivision) |
Cryosols Haplic (CRha) |
New compared with 1988. In Cryogenic patterns Cryosols Turbic (Crtu) |
Podzols Gelic (PZi) |
Orthic Podzol (Po) |
|
Leptosols (LP) |
Leptosols (LP) |
Does not exist |
||
|
Mountain debrital-organogenuos |
Leptosols Lithic (LPli) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Lithic (LPq) |
Lithosol (I) |
|
Shallow weakly developed |
Leptosols Lithic (LPli) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Lithic (LPq) |
Lithosol (I) |
|
Mountain primitive |
Leptosols Lithic (LPli) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Lithic (LPq) |
Lithosol (I) |
|
Muck-calcareous |
Leptosols Rendzic (LPrz) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Rendzic (LPk) |
Orthic Rendzina (Eo) |
|
Sod-calcareouses |
Leptosols Rendzic (LPrz) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Rendzic (LPk) |
Orthic Rendzina (Eo) |
|
Browns shallow |
Leptosols Yermic (LPye) |
New compared with 1988 |
Leptosols Eutric (LPe) |
Luvic Ranker (Ul) |
|
Chernozems shallow |
Leptosols Mollic (LPmo) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Mollic (LPm) |
Luvic Ranker (Ul) |
|
Mountain forest chernozemic |
Leptosols Mollic (LPmo) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Mollic (LPm) |
Dystric Ranker (Ud) |
|
Mountain-meadow chernozem-likes |
Leptosols Mollic (LPmo) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Mollic (LPm) |
Luvic Ranker (Ul) |
|
Chestnuts shallow |
Leptosols Mollic (LPmo) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Mollic (LPm) |
Luvic Ranker (Ul) |
|
Mountain meadow-steppe |
Leptosols Mollic (LPmo) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Mollic (LPm) |
Luvic Ranker (Ul) |
|
Mountain steppe and cold-steppe |
Leptosols Mollic (LPmo) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Mollic (LPm) |
Luvic Ranker (Ul) |
|
Grey forest shallow |
Leptosols Humic (LPhu) |
New compared with 1988 |
Leptosols Eutric (LPe) |
Dystric Ranker (Ud) |
|
Mountain-meadow sod-peaty |
Leptosols Humic (LPhu) |
New compared with 1988 |
Leptosols Dystric (LPd) |
Dystric Ranker (Ud) |
|
Mountain forest-meadows |
Leptosols Humic (LPhu) |
New compared with 1988 |
Leptosols Umbric (LPu) |
Dystric Ranker (Ud) |
|
Mountain-meadow soddy |
Leptosols Humic (LPhu) |
New compared with 1988 |
Leptosols Umbric (LPu) |
Dystric Ranker (Ud) |
|
Podzolics shallow |
Leptosols Dystric (LPdy) |
The same as in 1988 |
Leptosols Dystric (LPd) |
Dystric Ranker (Ud) |
|
Vertisols (VR) |
Vertisols (VR) |
Vertisol (V) |
||
|
Chernozems compact |
Vertisols Pellic (VRpe) |
New compared with 1988 |
Vertisols Eutric (VRe) |
Pellic Vertisol (Vp) |
|
Meadow-chernozemics compact |
Vertisols Pellic (VRpe) |
New compared with 1988 |
Vertisols Eutric (VRe) |
Gleo-Pellic Vertisol (Vpg) |
|
Meadow compact |
Vertisols Haplic (VRha) |
New compared with 1988 |
Vertisols Eutric (VRe) |
Gleic Vertisol (Vg) |
|
Alluvials compact |
Vertisols Haplic (VRha) |
New compared with 1988 |
Vertisols Eutric (VRe) |
Gleic Vertisol (Vg) |
|
Fluvisols (FL) |
Fluvisols (FL) |
Fluvisol (J) |
||
|
Alluvials swamp meadow |
Fluvisols Histic (FLhi) |
The same as in 1988 |
Fluvisols Histic (FLu) |
Gleo-Dystric-Fluvisol (Jdg) |
|
Marshy saline and solonetzic |
Fluvisols Tionic (FLti) |
The same as in 1988 |
Fluvisols Tionic (FLt) |
Tionic Fluvisol (Jt) |
|
Alluvials saline |
Fluvisols Salic (FLsz) |
The same as in 1988 |
Fluvisols Salic (FLs) |
Eutric Fluvisol (Je) |
|
Alluvials meadow |
Fluvisols Umbric (FLum) |
The same as in 1988 |
Fluvisols Umbric (FLu) |
Molic Fluvisol (Jm) |
|
Alluvials calcareous |
Fluvisols Calcaric (FLcc) |
The same as in 1988 |
Fluvisols Calcaric (FLc) |
Calcaric Fluvisol (Jc) |
|
Alluvials acid |
Fluvisols Dystric (FLdy) |
The same as in 1988 |
Fluvisols Dystric (FLd) |
Dystric Fluvisol (Jd) |
|
Alluvials saturated |
Fluvisols Eutric (FLeu) |
The same as in 1988 |
Fluvisols Eutric (FLe) |
Eutric Fluvisol (Je) |
|
Solonchaks (SC) |
Solonchaks (SC) |
Solonchak (Z) |
||
|
Solonchaks meadow |
Solonchaks Gleyic (SCgl) |
The same as in 1988 |
Solonchaks Gleyic (SCg) |
Gleyic Solonchak (Zg) |
|
Shor Solonchaks |
Solonchaks Gleyic (SCgl) |
The same as in 1988 |
Solonchaks Gleyic (SCg) |
Gleyic Solonchak (Zg) |
|
Solonchaks typical |
Solonchaks Haplic (SCha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Solonchaks Haplic (SCh) |
Orthic Solonchak (Zo) |
|
Gleysols (GL) |
Gleysols (GL) |
Gleysol (G) |
||
|
Bog-mud |
Gleysols Histic (GLhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Eutric (GLe) |
Eutric Gleysol (Ge) |
|
Gleyzems taiga differentiated peaty |
Gleysols Histic (GLhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Dystric (GLd) |
Dystric Gleysol (Gd) |
|
Gleyzems peaty and peat boggy |
Gleysols Histic (GLhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Dystric (GLd) |
Dystric Gleysol (Gd) |
|
Meadow-boggy |
Gleysols Histic (GLhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Mollic (GLm) |
Mollic Gleysol (Gm) |
|
Bog-mud saline |
Gleysols Endosalic (GLszn) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Eutric (GLe) |
Stagno-Eutric Gleysol (Ges) |
|
Meadows solonetzic and solonchakous |
Gleysols Sodic (GLso) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Mollic (GLm) |
Mollic Gleysol (Gm) |
|
Meadow-boggy solonetzic and solonchakous |
Gleysols Sodic (GLso) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Mollic (GLm) |
Mollic Gleysol (Gm) |
|
Meadows |
Gleysols Humic (GLhu) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Umbric (GLu) |
Mollic Gleysol (Gm) |
|
Sod-(muck-) gley calcareouses |
Gleysols Humic (GLhu) |
Renamed |
Gleysols Umbric (GLu) |
Mollic Gleysol (Gm) |
|
Meadow-browns |
Geysols Calcic (GLcc) |
The same as in 1988 |
Gleysols Calcic (GLk) |
Calcaric Gleysol (Gc) |
|
Meadow calcareous |
Gleysols Calcaric (GLca) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Calcic (GLk) |
Calcaric Gleysol |
|
Meadow-boggy calcareous |
Gleysols Calcaric (GLca) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Calcic (GLk) |
Stango-Calcaric Gleysol (Gcs) |
|
Gleyzems taiga differentiated |
Gleysols Dystric (GLdy) |
The same as in 1988 |
Gleysols Dystric (GLd) |
Dystric Gleysol (Gd) |
|
Gleyzems taiga |
Gleysols Dystric (GLdy) |
The same as in 1988 |
Gleysols Dystric (GLd) |
Dystric Gleysol (Gd) |
|
Andosols (AN) |
Andosols (AN) |
Andosol (T) |
||
|
Volcanics dry-peaty |
Andosols Histic (ANhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Andosols Haplic (ANh) |
Ochric Andosol (To) |
|
Volcanics peaty-mud |
Andosols Histic (ANhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Andosols Gleyic (ANg) |
Humic Andosol (Th) |
|
Volcanics ochric (including podzolized) |
Andosols Acroxic (ANao) |
New compared with 1988 |
Andosols Haplic (ANh) |
Ochric Andosol (To) |
|
Volcanics light-ochric (including podzolized) |
Andosols Acroxic (ANao) |
New compared with 1988 |
Andosols Haplic (ANh) |
Ochric Andosol (To) |
|
Volcanics podzolized-ochric |
Andosols Acroxic (ANao) |
New compared with 1988 |
Andosols Haplic (ANh) |
Ochric Andosol (To) |
|
Volcanics bandding-ochric |
Andosols Thaptic (ANth) |
Andosols Haplic (ANh) |
Ochric Andosol (To) |
|
|
Volcanics bandding-ashed |
Andosols Thaptic (ANth) |
New compared with 1988 |
Andosols Vitric (ANz) |
Vitric Andosol (Tv) |
|
Podzols (PZ) |
Podzols (PZ) |
Podzol (P) |
||
|
Podzols gleyic |
Podzols Gleyic (PZgl) |
The same as in 1988 |
Podzols Gleyic (PZg) |
Gleyic Podzol (Pg) |
|
Podzols humic-illuvial |
Podzols Carbic (PZcb) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzols Haplic (PZh) |
Humic Podzol (Ph) |
|
Podzols ochric |
Podzols Rustic (PZrs) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzols Haplic (PZh) |
Ferro-Humic Podzol (Pof) |
|
Podburs ochric |
Podzols Rustic (PZrs) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzols Cambic (PZb) |
Lepto-Orthic Podzol (Pol) |
|
Podzols illuvial-ferrugenous |
Podzols Rustic (PZrs) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzols Ferric (PZf) |
Ferro-Orthic Podzol (Pof) |
|
Podzols dry-peaty |
Podzols Histic (PZhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzols Haplic (PZh) |
Histo-Gleyic Podzol (Pgs) |
|
Podburs dry-peaty |
Podzols Histic (PZhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzols Cambic (PZb) |
Humo-Leptic Podzol (Pfh) |
|
Podburs taigic (without subdivision) |
Podzols Entic (PZet) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzols Cambic (PZb) |
Ferro-Humic Podzol (Pof) |
|
Podzols illuvial-humic-ferrugenous (without subdivision) |
Podzols Haplic (PZba) |
The same as in 1988 |
Podzols Haplic (PZh) |
Ferro-Humic Podzol (Pof) |
|
Podzols with the second bleached horizon |
Podzols Haplic (PZha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Podzols Haplic (PZh) |
Ferro-Humic Podzol (Pof) |
|
Solonetz (SN) |
Solonetz (SN) |
Solonetz (S) |
||
|
Solonetzes meadowish |
Solonetz Geyic (SNgl) |
The same as in 1988 |
Solonetz Gleyic (SNg) |
Gleyic Solonetz (Sg) |
|
Solonetzes meadowous |
Solonetz Geyic (SNgl) |
The same as in 1988 |
Solonetz Gleyic (SNg) |
Gleyic Solonetz (Sg) |
|
Solonetzes |
Solonetz Humic (SNhu) |
New compared with 1988 |
Solonetz Haplic (SNh) |
Orthic Solonetz (So) |
|
Planosols (PL) |
Planosols (PL) |
Planosol (W) |
||
|
Solods boggy |
Planosols Gleyic (PLgl) |
New compared with 1988 |
Planosols Eutric (PLe) |
Humic Planosol (Wh) |
|
Chernozems solodic |
Planosols Mollic (PLmo) |
Planosols Mollic (PLm) |
Mollic Planosol (Wm) |
|
|
Meadow-chernozemics solodic |
Planosols Mollic (PLmo) |
The same as in 1988 |
Planosols Mollic (PLm) |
Mollic Planosol |
|
Meadows differentiated (and solodic) |
Planosols Luvic (PLlv) |
New compared with 1988 |
Planosols Mollic (PLm) |
Dystric Planosol (Wd) |
|
Solods |
Planosols Albic (PLab) |
New compared with 1988 |
Planosols Eutric (PLe) |
Solodic Planosol (Ws) |
|
Chernozems (CH) |
Chernozems (CH) |
Chernozem (C) |
||
|
Chernozems typical |
Chernozems Chernic (CHch) |
Renamed |
Chernozems Haplic (CHh) |
Haplic Chernozem (Ch) |
|
Chernozems ordinary |
Chernozems Chernic (CHch) |
Renamed |
Chernozems Haplic (CHh) |
Haplic Chernozem (Ch) |
|
Chernozems podzolized deep |
Chernozems Chernic (CHch) |
Renamed |
Chernozems Haplic (CHh) |
Luvic Chernozem (Cl) |
|
Chernozems leached deep |
Chernozems Chernic (CHch) |
Renamed |
Chernozems Haplic (CHh) |
Luvic Chernozem (Cl) |
|
Chernozems weakly-leached deep |
Chernozems Chernic (CHch) |
Renamed |
Chernozems Haplic (CHh) |
Luvic Chernozem (Cl) |
|
Chernozems washed |
Chernozems Chernic (CHch) |
Renamed |
Chernozems Haplic (CHh) |
Haplic Chernozem (Ch) |
|
CСhernozems deeply-effervescing and non-calcareous |
Chernozems Chernic (CHch) |
Renamed |
Chernozems Haplic (CHh) |
Haplic Chernozem (Ch) |
|
Chernozems leached |
Chernozems Luvic (CHlv) |
The same as in 1988 |
Chernozems Luvic (CHl) |
Luvic Chernozem (Cl) |
|
Chernozems solonetzic |
Chernozems Luvic (CHlv) |
The same as in 1988 |
Chernozems Luvic (CHl) |
Luvic Chernozem (Cl) |
|
Chernozems leached glossic |
Chernozems Glossic (CHgs) |
Corrected |
Chernozems Luvic (CHl) |
Glossic Chernozem (Cg) |
|
Chernozems ordinary glossic |
Chernozems Glossic (CHgs) |
The same as in 1988 |
Chernozems Glossic (CHw) |
Glossic Chernozem (Cg) |
|
Chernozems southern glossic |
Chernozems Glossic (CHgs) |
The same as in 1988 |
Chernozems Glossic (CHw) |
Glossic Chernozem (Cg) |
|
Chernozems southern and ordinary mycelial-calcareous |
Chernozems Calcic (CHcc) |
Corrected |
Chernozems Haplic (CHh) |
Haplic Chernozem (Ch) |
|
Chernozems southern |
Chernozems Calcic (CHcc) |
Renamed |
Chernozems Calcic (CHk) |
Calcic Chermozem (Ck) |
|
Chernozems residual-calcareous |
Chernozems Calcic (CHcc) |
Renamed |
Chernozems Calcic (CHk) |
Calcic Chermozem (Ck) |
|
Kastanozems (KS) |
Kastanozems (KS) |
Kastanozem (K) |
||
|
Dark chestnuts solonetzic and solonchakous |
Kastanozems Luvic (KSlv) |
The same as in 1988 |
Kastanozems Luvic (KSl) |
Luvic Kastanozem (Kl) |
|
Chestnuts solonetzic and solonchakous |
Kastanozems Luvic (KSlv) |
The same as in 1988 |
Kastanozems Luvic (KSl) |
Luvic Kastanozem (Kl) |
|
Light chestnuts solonetzic and solonchakous |
Kastanozems Luvic (KSlv) |
The same as in 1988 |
Kastanozems Luvic (KSl) |
Luvic Kastanozem (Kl) |
|
Dark chestnuts |
Kastanozems Haplic (Ksha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Kastanozems Haplic (KSh) |
Haplic Kastanozem (Kh) |
|
Dark chestnuts deep |
Kastanozems Haplic (Ksha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Kastanozems Haplic (KSh) |
Haplic Kastanozem (Kh) |
|
Chestnuts |
Kastanozems Haplic (Ksha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Kastanozems Haplic (KSh) |
Haplic Kastanozem (Kh) |
|
Chestnuts deep |
Kastanozems Haplic (Ksha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Kastanozems Haplic (KSh) |
Haplic Kastanozem (Kh) |
|
Chestnuts leached |
Kastanozems Haplic (Ksha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Kastanozems Haplic (KSh) |
Haplic Kastanozem (Kh) |
|
Light chestnuts |
Kastanozems Haplic (Ksha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Kastanozems Haplic (KSh) |
Haplic Kastanozem (Kh) |
|
Light chestnuts deep |
Kastanozems Haplic (Ksha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Kastanozems Haplic (KSh) |
Haplic Kastanozem (Kh) |
|
Phaeozems (PH) |
Phaeozems (PH) |
Phaeozem (H) |
||
|
Meadow-chernozem-likes "Amur prairie" |
Phaeozems Gleyic (PHgl) |
The same as in 1988 |
Phaeozems Gleyic (PHg) |
Gleyic Phaeozem (Hg) |
|
Grey forest gleyic and gley |
Phaeozems Gleyic (PHgl) |
The same as in 1988 |
Greyzems Gleyic (GRg) |
Gleyic Geyzem (Mg) |
|
Meadow-chernozemics solonetzic and solonchakous |
Phaeozems Sodic (PHso) |
New compared with 1988 |
Phaeozems Luvic (PHl) |
Alcalino-Calcaric Phaeozem (Hcn) |
|
Meadow-chestnuts solonetzic |
Phaeozems Sodic (PHso) |
New compared with 1988 |
Phaeozems Luvic (PHl) |
Alcalino-Calcaric Phaeozem (Hcn) |
|
Chernozems podzolized |
Phaeozems Luvic (PHlv) |
The same as in 1988 |
Phaeozems Luvic (PHl) |
Luvic Phaeozem (Hl) |
|
Grey forest non-podzolised |
Phaeozems Luvic (PHlv) |
Renamed |
Greyzems Haplic (GRh) |
Humic Gleysols (Gh) |
|
Light Grey forest |
Phaeozems Albic (PHab) |
New compared with 1988 |
Greyzems Haplic (GRh) |
Humic Gleysols (Gh) |
|
Grey forest with the second humic horizon |
Phaeozems Albic (PHab) |
New compared with 1988 |
Greyzems Haplic (GRh) |
Humic Gleysols (Gh) |
|
Grey forest solodic |
Phaeozems Albic (PHab) |
New compared with 1988 |
Greyzems Haplic (GRh) |
Humic Gleysols (Gh) |
|
Dark-grey forest |
Phaeozems Albic (PHab) |
New compared with 1988 |
Greyzems Haplic (GRh) |
Humic Gleysols (Gh) |
|
Dark-grey forest with the second humic horizon |
Phaeozems Albic (PHab) |
New compared with 1988 |
Greyzems Haplic (GRh) |
Humic Gleysols (Gh) |
|
Brownish-dark-grey forest |
Phaeozems Albic (PHab) |
New compared with 1988 |
Greyzems Haplic (GRh) |
Humic Gleysols (Gh) |
|
Brownish-dark-grey forest |
Phaeozems Albic (PHab) |
New compared with 1988 |
Greyzems Haplic (GRh) |
Humic Gleysols (Gh) |
|
Grey forest residual-calcareous |
Phaeozems Albic (PHab) |
New compared with 1988 |
Greyzems Haplic (GRh) |
Humic Gleysols (Gh) |
|
Meadow-chernozemics calcareous |
Phaeozems Calcaric (PHca) |
The same as in 1988 |
Phaeozems Calcaric (PHc) |
Calcaro-Gleyic Phaeozem (Hgc) |
|
Meadow-chernozemics |
Phaeozems Haplic (PHha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Phaeozems Haplic (PHh) |
Haplic Phaeozem (Hh) |
|
Meadow-chernozemics leached |
Phaeozems Haplic (PHha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Phaeozems Haplic (PHh) |
Haplic Phaeozem (Hh) |
|
Meadow-chestnuts |
Phaeozems Haplic (PHha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Phaeozems Haplic (PHh) |
Haplic Phaeozem (Hh) |
|
Calcisols (CL) |
Calcisols (CL) |
Xerosol (X) |
||
|
Browns solonetzic and solonchakous |
Calcisols Endosalic (CLszn) |
New compared with 1988 |
Calcisols Luvic (CLl) |
Calcic Xerosol (Xk) |
|
Browns (semidesert) |
Calcisols Haplic (CLha) |
The same as in 1988 |
Calcisols Haplic (CLh) |
Calcic Xerosol (Xk) |
|
Albeluvisols (AB) |
Podzoluvisols (PD) |
Podzoluvisol (D) |
||
|
Podzolic-gleys peat and peaty |
Albeluvisols Histic (ABhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Gleyic (PDg) |
Gleyic Podzoluvisol (Dg) |
|
Podzolic-gleys peat and peaty with the second humic |
Albeluvisols Histic (ABhi) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Gleyic (PDg) |
Gleyic Podzoluvisol (Dg) |
|
Podzolics over-permafrost-gleyic |
Albeluvisols Gelic (ABge) |
Renamed |
Podzoluvisols Gelic (PDi) |
Dystric Podzoluvisol (Dd) |
|
Gley-podzolics |
Albeluvisols Gleyic (ABgl) |
Renamed |
Podzoluvisols Gleyic (PDg) |
Gleyic Podzoluvisol (Dg) |
|
Gley-podzolics with the second bleached horizon |
Albeluvisols Gleyic (ABgl) |
Renamed |
Podzoluvisols Gleyic (PDg) |
Gleyic Podzoluvisol (Dg) |
|
Podzolics deep-gleyic and gley |
Albeluvisols Gleyic (ABgl) |
Renamed |
Podzoluvisols Gleyic (PDg) |
Gleyic Podzoluvisol (Dg) |
|
Sod-pale-podzolics gleyic and gley |
Albeluvisols Gleyic (ABgl) |
Renamed |
Podzoluvisols Gleyic (PDg) |
Gleyic Podzoluvisol (Dg) |
|
Sod-podzolics deep-gley and gleyic |
Albeluvisols Gleyic (ABgl) |
Renamed |
Podzoluvisols Gleyic (PDg) |
Gleyic Podzoluvisol (Dg) |
|
Sod-podzolic-gleys |
Albeluvisols Gleyic (ABgl) |
Renamed |
Podzoluvisols Gleyic (PDg) |
Gleyic Podzoluvisol (Dg) |
|
Sod-podzolic-gleys with the second humic horizon |
Albeluvisols Gleyic (ABgl) |
Renamed |
Podzoluvisols Gleyic (PDg) |
Gleyic Podzoluvisol (Dg) |
|
Podzolics residual-calcareous |
Albeluvisols Umbric (ABum) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Eutric (PDe) |
Eutric Podzoluvisol (De) |
|
Sod-podzolics |
Albeluvisols Umbric (ABum) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Eutric (PDe) |
Eutric Podzoluvisol (De) |
|
Sod-podzolics residual-calcareous |
Albeluvisols Umbric (ABum) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Eutric (PDe) |
Eutric Podzoluvisol (De) |
|
Sod-podzolics illuvial-ferrugenous |
Albeluvisols Umbric (ABum) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Eutric (PDe) |
Eutric Podzoluvisol (De) |
|
Sod-podzolics residual-calcareous with the second humic horizon |
Albeluvisols Umbric (ABum) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Eutric (PDe) |
Eutric Podzoluvisol (De) |
|
Sod-podzolics weakly-unsaturated and saturated |
Albeluvisols Umbric (ABum) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Eutric (PDe) |
Eutric Podzoluvisol (De) |
|
Sod-pale-podzolics (and podzolised-brownzems ) |
Albeluvisols Umbric (ABum) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Eutric (PDe) |
Eutric Podzoluvisol (De) |
|
Sod-podzolics with the second humic horizon deep-gleyic |
Albeluvisols Umbric (ABum) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Eutric (PDe) |
Eutric Podzoluvisol (De) |
|
Sod-podzolics with the second bleached horizon |
Albeluvisols Umbric (ABum) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Eutric (PDe) |
Eutric Podzoluvisol (De) |
|
Sod-podzolics with the second humic horizon |
Albeluvisols Umbric (ABum) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Eutric (PDe) |
Eutric Podzoluvisol (De) |
|
Podzolics surfacely-gleyic |
Albeluvisols Stagnic (ABst) |
Renamed |
Podzoluvisols Stagnic (PDj) |
Stagno-Gleyic Podzoluvisol (Dgs) |
|
Sod-podzolics surfacely-gleyic |
Albeluvisols Stagnic (ABst) |
Renamed |
Podzoluvisols Stagnic (PDj) |
Stagno-Gleyic Podzoluvisol (Dgs) |
|
Podzolics |
Albeluvisols Haplic (ABha) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Dystric (PDd) |
Dystric Podzoluvisol (Dd) |
|
Podzolics with the second bleached horizon |
Albeluvisols Haplic (ABha) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Dystric (PDd) |
Dystric Podzoluvisol (Dd) |
|
Podzolics with the second humic horizon |
Albeluvisols Haplic (ABha) |
New compared with 1988 |
Podzoluvisols Dystric (PDd) |
Dystric Podzoluvisol (Dd) |
|
Luvisols (LV) |
Luvisols (LV) |
Luvisol (L) |
||
|
Podzolised-zheltozems |
Luvisols Albic (LVab) |
The same as in 1988 |
Luvisols Albic (LVa) |
Albic Luvisols (La) |
|
Umbrisols (Um) |
Does not exist |
Does not exist |
||
|
Sod-brownzems gleyic and gley |
Umbrisols Gelic (Umge) |
New compared with 1988 |
Cambisols Gelic (CMi) |
Gelic Cambisol (Bx) |
|
Sod-gleys podzolized |
Umbrisols Gleyic (Umgl) |
New compared with 1988 |
Gleysols Dystric (GLd) |
Stagn-Dystric Gleysol (Gds) |
|
Sod-(muck-) gleys |
Umbrisols Gleyic (GLgl) |
Renamed |
Gleysols Umbric (GLu) |
Mollic Gleysol (Gm) |
|
Sod-brownzems acid |
Umbrisols Haplic (Umha) |
New compared with 1988 |
Cambisols Dystric (CMd) |
Dystric Cambisol (Bd) |
|
Sod-brownzems ferrugenous |
Umbrisols Haplic (Umha) |
New compared with 1988 |
Cambisols Dystric (CMd) |
Dystric Cambisol (Bd) |
|
Cambisols (CM) |
Cambisols (CM) |
Cambisol (B) |
||
|
Pales mucky |
Cambisols Gelic (CMge) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Gelic (CMi) |
Calcic Cambisol (Bx) |
|
Pales typical |
Cambisols Gelic (CMge) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Gelic (CMi) |
Calcic Cambisol (Bx) |
|
Pales podzolized |
Cambisols Gelic (CMge) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Gelic (CMi) |
Calcic Cambisol (Bx) |
|
Pales solodic |
Cambisols Gelic (CMge) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Gelic (CMi) |
Calcic Cambisol (Bx) |
|
Grey-pales |
Cambisols Gelic (CMge) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Gelic (CMi) |
Calcic Cambisol (Bx) |
|
Pales calcareous |
Cambisols Gelic (CMge) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Gelic (CMi) |
Calcic Cambisol (Bx) |
|
Brownzems gleyic and gley |
Cambisols Gleyic (CMgl) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Gleyic (CMg) |
Gleyic Cambisol (Bg) |
|
Brownzems raw-humic gley |
Cambisols Gleyic (CMgl) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Gleyic (CMg) |
Gleyic Cambisol (Bg) |
|
Granuzems gley |
Cambisols Gleyic (CMgl) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Gleyic (CMg) |
Gleyic Cambisol (Bg) |
|
Cinnamonics typical |
Cambisols Chromic (CMcr) |
New compared with 1988 |
Cambisols Humic (CMu) |
Humic Cambisol (Bh) |
|
Meadow-cinnamonics |
Cambisols Chromic (CMcr) |
New compared with 1988 |
Cambisols Calcaric (CMc) |
Calcaric Cambisol (Ba) |
|
Brownzems raw-humic |
Cambisols Dystric (CMdy) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Dystric (CMd) |
Calcic Cambisol (Bx) |
|
Brownzems raw-humic illuvial-humic |
Cambisols Dystric (CMdy) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Dystric (CMd) |
Spodo-Dystric Cambisol (Bds) |
|
Brownzems acid |
Cambisols Dystric (CMdy) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Dystric (CMd) |
Dystric Cambisol (Bd) |
|
Brownzems acid podzolized |
Cambisols Dystric (CMdy) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Dystric (CMd) |
Spodo-Dystric Cambisol (Bds) |
|
Granuzems |
Cambisols Dystric (CMdy) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Dystric (CMd) |
Spodo-Dystric Cambisol (Bds) |
|
Brownzems muck-humus-accumulative |
Cambisols Dystric (CMdy) |
New compared with 1988 |
Cambisols Humic (CMu) |
Humo-Calcic Cambisol (Bkh) |
|
Brownzems weakly-unsaturated podzolized |
Cambisols Eutric (CMeu) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Eutric (CMe) |
Eutric Cambisol (Be) |
|
Sod-brownzems weakly-unsaturated and saturated |
Cambisols Eutric (CMeu) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Eutric (CMe) |
Eutric Cambisol (Be) |
|
Brownzems weakly-unsaturated |
Cambisols Eutric (CMeu) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Eutric (CMe) |
Eutric Cambisol (Be) |
|
Brownzems residual-calcareous |
Cambisols Eutric (CMeu) |
The same as in 1988 |
Cambisols Eutric (CMe) |
Calcaro-Eutric Cambisol (Bec) |
|
Arenosols (AR) |
Arenosols (AR) |
Arenosol (Q) |
||
|
Sands |
Arenosols Protic (ARpr) |
New compared with 1988 |
Arenosols Cambic (ARb) |
Cambic Arenosol (Qc) |
|
Nonsoil formations |
Nonsoil formations |
Nonsoil formations |
Nonsoil formations |
|
|
Rock outcrops |
Rock outcrops |
Rock outcrops |
Rock outcrops |
|
|
Sands |
Sands |
Sands |
Sands |
|
